1. Jenney’s First Year Latin Lesson 18
Vocabulary List 18
3rd Declension Adjectives
Ablative of Accompaniment

2. Vocabulary List 18

3. acer, acris, acre
fierce, sharp

4. celer, celeris, celere
swift

5. brevis, breve
short

6. facilis, facile
easy

7. fortis, forte
brave

8. gravis, grave
heavy, severe, serious

9. omnis, omne
all, every

10. similis, simile
like, similar

11. audāx, audācis
daring, bold

12. potēns, potentis
powerful

13. Brittanus, Brittana, Brittanum
British

14. Gallus, Galla, Gallum
Gallic

15. Trōiānus, Trōiāna, Trōiānum
Trojan

16. 3rd Declension Adjectives

17. Declension of Adjectives
just like nouns belong to a declension, so do adjectives
we have seen 1st & 2nd decl. adj. already (2-1-2), e.g.:
magnus, magna, magnum
miser, misera, miserum
pulcher, pulchra, pulchrum
adj. can also belong to the 3rd declension

18. 3rd Declension Adjectives
there are THREE types of 3rd declension adjectives:
3 Termination, e.g.: celer, celeris, celere – swift
2 Termination, e.g.: omnis, omne – all, every
1 Termination, e.g.: audāx, audācis – bold, daring
the number of terminations indicates the number of different nominative forms of the adj.

19. 3rd Declension Adjectives: Forming
to decline 3rd decl. adj., find the stem & add endings
Finding the Stem:
for 3 and 2 terminations, go to the nom. sg. fem. form and drop the ending (-is)
for 1 termination, go to the gen. sg. form (2nd form) and drop the ending (-is)
in short, drop the –is from the form that has it in the dictionary entry and you’ll have your stem

20. 3rd Declension Adjectives: Forming
to decline 3rd decl. adj., find the stem & add endings
Adding the Endings:
all 3rd decl. adj. take 3rd decl. i-stem endings
all abl. sg. forms end in –ī, like neut. i-stems

21. 3 Termination Adj.
the dictionary entries of 3rd decl. adj. of 3 terminations look like celer, celeris, celere:
nom. sg. masc. ends in –er
nom. sg. fem. ends in –is [find stem here!]
nom. sg. neut. ends in –e
e.g.:
acer, acris, acre: fierce, sharp

22. Declining 3rd Decl. Adj. of 3 Terminations celer, celeris, celere
MASCULINE
FEMININE
NEUTER
Singular
Nom.
Gen.
Dat.
Acc.
Abl.
Plural

23. Declining 3rd Decl. Adj. of 3 Terminations celer, celeris, celere
MASCULINE
FEMININE
NEUTER
Singular
Nom.
celer
celeris
celere
Gen.
Dat.
celerī
Acc.
celerem
Abl.
Plural
celerēs
celeria
celerium
celeribus

24. 2 Termination Adj.
the dictionary entries of 3rd decl. adj. of 2 terminations look like facilis, facile:
nom. sg. masc. & nom. sg. fem. end in –is
nom. sg. neut. ends in –e
e.g.:
brevis, breve: short
fortis, forte: brave
masc. & fem. forms are the same for 2 term. adj.

25. Declining 3rd Decl. Adj. of 2 Terminations facilis, facile
MASCULINE/FEMININE
NEUTER
Singular
Nom.
Gen.
Dat.
Acc.
Abl.
Plural

26. Declining 3rd Decl. Adj. of 2 Terminations facilis, facile
MASCULINE/FEMININE
NEUTER
Singular
Nom.
facilis
facile
Gen.
Dat.
facilī
Acc.
facilem
Abl.
Plural
facilēs
facilia
facilium
facilibus

27. 1 Termination Adj.
the dictionary entries of 3rd decl. adj. of 1 termination look like potēns, potentis:
nom. sg. masc. & nom. sg. fem. & nom. sg. neut. are all the same (but there is no one set ending)
2nd form listed is the gen. sg. form (b/c you cannot find the stem from any nominative form)
e.g.:
audāx, audācis: bold, daring
masc. & fem. forms are the same for 1 term. adj.

28. Declining 3rd Decl. Adj. of 1 Termination potēns, potentis
MASCULINE/FEMININE
NEUTER
Singular
Nom.
Gen.
Dat.
Acc.
Abl.
Plural

29. Declining 3rd Decl. Adj. of 1 Termination potēns, potentis
MASCULINE/FEMININE
NEUTER
Singular
Nom.
potēns
Gen.
potentis
Dat.
potentī
Acc.
potentem
Abl.
Plural
potentēs
potentia
potentium
potentibus

30. Ablative of Accompaniment

31. Ablative of Accompaniment
Latin expresses the idea of accompaniment with the preposition cum and a noun in the ablative case.
this is generally a word denoting a person or group of people
abl. of accompaniment = cum + abl.
e.g.
Puella cum matre ad urbem ambulat.
Miser cum miserā in urbe est.

32. Cavēte! Ablatives w/ “with/cum”
there are several uses of the abl. that are translated with “cum/with” – be careful not to confuse the abl. of means, manner, and accompaniment
Mīlitēs oppidum cum sociīs oppugnāvērunt.
Accompaniment: The soldiers attacked the town with the allies.
Mīlitēs oppidum cum audāciā oppugnāvērunt.
Manner: The soldiers attacked the town with boldness.
Mīlitēs oppidum telīs oppugnāvērunt.
Means: The soldiers attacked the town with weapons.