1. Jenney’s First Year Latin Lesson 8
Vocabulary List 8
2-1-2 –ER Adjectives
The Dative Case – Dative of Indirect Object

2. Vocabulary List 8

3. līber, lībera, līberum
free

4. wretched, poor, miserable
miser, misera, miserum
wretched, poor, miserable

5. noster, nostra, nostrum
our, ours

6. pulcher, pulchra, pulchrum
beautiful, handsome; noble, fine

7. sacer, sacra, sacrum
sacred, holy

8. vester, vestra, vestrum
your, yours (you pl.)

9. ante (+ acc.)
before

10. contrā (+ acc.)
against

11. inter (+ acc.)
between, among

12. ob (+ acc.)
because of

13. per (+ acc.)
through

14. post (+ acc.)
after, behind

15. propter (+ acc.)
on account of

16. trāns (+ acc.)
across, over

17. 2-1-2 –ER Adjectives

18. 2-1-2 –ER Adjectives
another type of adjectives is ones with –er in the nom. sg. masc. form
liber, libera, liberum: free
miser, misera, miserum: wretched, unfortunate, poor
noster, nostra, nostrum: our, ours
pulcher, pulchra, pulchrum: beautiful; noble, fine
sacer, sacra, sacrum: sacred, holy
vester, vestra, vestrum: your, yours (cp. tuus, -a, -um)

19. 2-1-2 –ER Adjectives
these act just like ager and puer in the masculine forms
some retain the –e– in the stem (like puer)
liber, libera, liberum
miser, misera, miserum
others drop the –e– from the stem (like ager)
noster, nostra, nostrum
pulcher, pulchra, pulchrum
sacer, sacra, sacrum
vester, vestra, vestrum

20. 2-1-2 –ER Adjectives
in all other forms, they act like –us, –a, –um adjectives
you must memorize which ones keep/drop the –e– from the stem
use derivatives to help you determine whether the e stays or go

21. Declining a 2-1-2 –ER Adjective pulcher, pulchra, pulchrum
MASCULINE
FEMININE
NEUTER
Singular
Nom.
Gen.
Dat.
Acc.
Abl.
Plural

22. Declining a 2-1-2 –ER Adjective pulcher, pulchra, pulchrum
Declining a –ER Adjective pulcher, pulchra, pulchrum Stem: ________
MASCULINE
FEMININE
NEUTER
Singular
Nom.
Gen.
Dat.
Acc.
Abl.
Plural

23. Declining a 2-1-2 –ER Adjective pulcher, pulchra, pulchrum
Declining a –ER Adjective pulcher, pulchra, pulchrum Stem: pulchr–
MASCULINE
FEMININE
NEUTER
Singular
Nom.
Gen.
Dat.
Acc.
Abl.
Plural

24. Declining a 2-1-2 –ER Adjective pulcher, pulchra, pulchrum
Declining a –ER Adjective pulcher, pulchra, pulchrum Stem: pulchr–
MASCULINE
FEMININE
NEUTER
Singular
Nom.
pulcher
pulchra
pulchrum
Gen.
pulchrī
pulchrae
Dat.
pulchrō
Acc.
pulchram
Abl.
pulchrā
Plural
pulchrōrum
pulchrārum
pulchrīs
pulchrōs
pulchrās

25. The Dative Case: Dative of Indirect Object

26. The Dative Case – Indirect Object
the indirect object is shown through a noun in the dative case
indirect object: the person or thing to or for whom/which something is said, given, shown, or done
translate using to or for
after verbs of giving, showing, saying, or telling, e.g.:
to give: dō, dare, dedī, datus
to show: monstrō, monstrāre, monstrāvī, monstrātus
to say: dicō, dicere, dīxī, dictus
to tell: nārrō, nārrāre, nārrāvī, nārrātus

27. Dative of Indirect Object
In English, we usually omit the preposition to or for
I will give misbehaving students misdemeanor marks.
I will give misdemeanor marks to misbehaving students.
I.O. usually comes before the D.O. in Latin
can be translated before or after the D.O.
e.g.:
Fīliae meae fabūlam dē bellō nārrābō.
I will tell my daughter a story about the war.
I will tell a story about the war to my daughter.

28. Dative of Indirect Object
N.B.: do not confuse the dative of I.O. with the accusative of PTW
acc. of PTW requires a verb of motion
dat. of I.O. comes after verbs of giving, showing, saying, or telling
Dōnum puellae dabō.
Aquam ad puellam portābō.

29. Dative of Indirect Object – Practice
Identify the D.O. and I.O., then translate:
Nauta puerō aquam dat.
Equīs frūmentum dabāmus.
Fīliō bonō dōna multa dabunt.
Agricolae fēminae fabūlam nārrant.