1. Canada after Trudeau

3. Brian Mulroney Prime Minister 1984 – 1993 3 key ideas:
Bring Quebec into Constitution
More Conservative Economic Policies
Closer ties between Canada and USA

4. Mulroney and The constitution
Attempt 1: Meech Lake Accord
Quebec identified as “Distinct Society”
End alienation of Western Provinces
More power to change constitution
Redress equalisation payments
Quebec says Oui!
Others reject
First nations are distinct too
Newfoundland and Manitoba say no

5. Meech Lake Fall Out Quebec feels embarassed
Lucien Bouchard leaves Mulroney Cabinet
Forms Bloc Quebecois
Same idea as PQ but runs in Federal elections

6. Try, Try again Attempt 2: Charlottetown Accord
Citizens forums to get input
Protect Quebec rights
Promote First nations self government
Went to nation wide referendum – October 1992
Rejected – 54.5%
Boost to Quebecois Separatists
1995 Referendum – 49.4% YES, 50.6% NO

7. Mulroney and Economy Huge debt under Trudeau - $160 billion
Mulroney promised to reduce debt
Worldwide shift to the right – Reagan (US) and Thatcher (UK)
Idea was to encourage personal responsibility
Cut funding of social programs
Cut taxes to encourage business
1990 – worldwide recession
More public money spent on unemployed
Ended National Energy policy – stopped attempt to get federal control of resources – appeased alberta and western alienation.

8. Mulroney and The USA Connected to economic policies
Natural political ally of President Reagan
1987 – Free Trade Agreement with USA
1994 – NAFTA included Mexico and USA
Rejected “Star Wars” program
Idea was to improve on NORAD
Canadian sites would have been used as missile bases to intercept attacking weapons

9. First Nations and Land Claims
Specific Claims – grievances against previously signed agreements – esp. Numbered treaties
Comprehensive claims – never settled by treaty – especially BC
1990 – Oka Confrontation
Plan to develop on contested Mohawk burial ground
Tense standoff tuned violent – police officer shot
Delgamuluukw Case
First Nations have title if occupation before Settlement and was not given to Canada

10. The Oka Confrontation

11. First nations and Self Government
1980 – Assembly of First nations Formed
1985 – Bill C31 – FN decide rights of residency on reserve land
Debate about who had control of what – FN or federal government
1996 – Nisgaa settlement - connected to Delgamuluukw
Nisgaa got own municipal governement, police force and share of resources
Gave up “Indian Status”
1999 – Nunavut established – Inuit control of Eastern arctic

13. Canada and The World after Trudeau
1989 Berlin Wall Falls
1991 End of Soviet Union and Yugoslavia
1994 – Peacekeeping fails to stop genocide of Bosnian Muslims
Civil Wars in Africa
1994 – Rwanda
Peacekeeping force led by Canadian Gen. Romeo Dallaire
Dallaire asks to be allowed to intervene to protect civilians but ordered to stand down
800,000 to 1,000,000 massacred in 100 day Genocide