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Alkyl Halides 145 Chem 145 Chem.

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Presentation on theme: "Alkyl Halides 145 Chem 145 Chem."— Presentation transcript:

1 Alkyl Halides 145 Chem 145 Chem

2 Alkyl Halides 145 Chem

3 Classes and Names of Halogen Compounds
145 Chem Alkyl Halides Classes and Names of Halogen Compounds According to hydrocarbon gp. 1-Alkyl halides( R-X) : has a halogen atom bonded to one sp3 hybrid C atom 2-Allylic halides : has a halogen atom bonded to one sp3 hybrid C atom 3-Vinylic halides : has a halogen atom bonded to one sp2 hybrid C atom 4-Benzylic halides : has a halogen atom bonded to Carbone one away from aromatic ring 5-Aryl halides : has a halogen atom bonded directly to an aromatic ring 1. Alkyl halides( R-X) CH3-X and R-CH2-X : Primary alkyl halide. (R)2-CH-X : Secondary alkyl halide. (R)3-C-X : Tertiary alkyl halide. 145 Chem 145 Chem

4 Methylcyclopentyl chloride
Alkyl Halides 1-Alkyl halides ( R-X): CH3-Cl CH3-CH2-Br (CH3)2-CH-F Common Methyl Chloride Ethyl bromide Isopropyl fluoride IUPAC Chloromethane Bromoethane 2-Fluoropropane Class 1° 2° Cyclohexyl Iodide t.Butyl bromide Methylcyclopentyl chloride Iodocyclohexane 2-Bromo-2-methylpropane 1-Chloro-1-methylcyclopentane 3° 145 Chem 145 Chem

5 3-Allyl halides 2-Vinylic halides C=C-C- X C=C-X CH2=CHCH2Cl CH2=CHBr
Alkyl Halides 2-Vinylic halides 3-Allyl halides Notice C=C-C- X C=C-X CH2=CHCH2Cl Allyl chloride 3-Chloro-1-propene CH2=CHBr Vinyl bromide Bromoethene Bromocyclohexene 3-Chlorocyclopentene 4-Benzylic halides: Ar-C-X Benzyl Chloride Ar-X (X directly attached to  ) 5-Aryl halides: Chlorobenzene p-Bromo toluene 145 Chem

6 Physical Properties of Organic Halides
Alkyl Halides Physical Properties of Organic Halides All organic halides are insoluble in water and soluble in common organic solvents. In an alkyl halide, the halogen is more electronegative than carbon The boiling points increases with increasing in molecular weights. Alkyl halides have higher melting point than the corresponding alkanes, alkenes, and alkynes because: 1. Polarity 2. Molecular weight (In series of halides BP. F <Cl <Br <I) CH3CH2CH2F CH3CH2CH2Br CH3CH2CH2I bp= 470C bp= 710C bp= 1020C 145 Chem 145 Chem

7 Preparation of Halogen Compounds
Alkyl Halides 1- Direct halogenation of hydrocarbons a- Halogenation of alkanes b- Halogenation of alkenes CCl4 CH3CH=CH2 + Cl CH3CHClCH2Cl CCl4 CH3CH=CHCH3 + H-Cl CH3CHHCHClCH3 (one) 145 Chem 145 Chem

8 c- Halogenation of alkynes
Alkyl Halides c- Halogenation of alkynes 145 Chem

9 d- Halogenation of alkyl benzenes and aromatic ring
Alkyl Halides d- Halogenation of alkyl benzenes and aromatic ring 145 Chem 145 Chem

10 2- Conversion of alcohols
Alkyl Halides 2- Conversion of alcohols 145 Chem 145 Chem

11 Reactions of Organic Halides
Alkyl Halides Reactions of Organic Halides 1- Nucleophilic Subtitution Reactions Nu- = -OH, -OR, -OCOR, -SH, -SR, -CN, 145 Chem 145 Chem

12 Alkyl Halides 145 Chem

13 2- Elimination Reactions
Alkyl Halides 2- Elimination Reactions 145 Chem 145 Chem

14 Alkyl Halides 3- Reaction of Grignard reagent a- Formation of Grignard reagent b- Reaction of Grignard reagent 145 Chem 145 Chem

15 Thank You for your kind attention !
Alkyl Halides Thank You for your kind attention ! Questions? Comments

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