1. Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor and Epidermal Growth Factor Signaling Pathways as Therapeutic Targets for Colorectal Cancer 
Thomas Winder, Heinz–Josef Lenz 
Gastroenterology 
Volume 138, Issue 6, Pages (May 2010)
DOI: /j.gastro
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2. Figure 1
VEGF family members and receptors. The VEGF family comprises 5 VEGF glycoproteins (VEGF-A, VEGF-B, VEGF-C, VEGF-D, VEGF-E) and placenta growth factors (PlGF) 1 and 2. The best characterized of the VEGF ligands, VEGF-A, has different isoforms generated by alternate splicing. The primary effects of these ligands are mediated through binding to the VEGFR tyrosine kinases (TK) (VEGF-R1, VEGF-R2, VEGF-R3) and neuropilins 1 and 2, which function as coreceptors for VEGF binding.
Gastroenterology  , DOI: ( /j.gastro )
Copyright © 2010 AGA Institute Terms and Conditions

3. Figure 2
EGFR signaling. EGFR binding to ligands and receptor dimerization activate the Ras-MAPK, PI3K-AKT, and STAT signal transduction pathways. These signaling pathways activate transcription factors that regulate genes whose products control cell functions such as survival, proliferation, angiogenesis, invasion, and metastasis.
Gastroenterology  , DOI: ( /j.gastro )
Copyright © 2010 AGA Institute Terms and Conditions

4. Thomas Winder*
Gastroenterology  , DOI: ( /j.gastro )
Copyright © 2010 AGA Institute Terms and Conditions

5. Heinz–Josef Lenz*,‡
Gastroenterology  , DOI: ( /j.gastro )
Copyright © 2010 AGA Institute Terms and Conditions