1. TINGKAHLAKU KEPEMIMPINAN

2. BASIC LEADERSHIP MODELS

3. Two basic model of leadership:
Traits
Behavior
Traits model of leadership
Based on observed characteristics of many leaders – both successful and unsuccessful – to predict leadership effectiveness.
Successful leaders have interest and abilities that are different from those of less effective leaders.

4. Key traits:
Intelligence = more intelligence than subordinate
Maturity and breadth = tend to be more emotionally mature and have a broad range of interest.

5. Inner motivation and achievement drive = are result oriented
When they achieve one goal, they seek another
They do not depend on employees for their motivation to achieve goal
Honesty = have integrity AND trustworthy.

6. Limitation is inadequate because:
There is no consistence patterns between specific traits or sets of traits and leadership effectiveness.
Always relate physical characteristic such as height, weight and health to effective leadership.
Leadership itself is complex.

7. BEHAVIORAL MODEL OF LEADERSHIP

8. Focus on what leaders actually do and how they do it.
Effective leaders help individuals and teams to achieve their goal in 2 way:
First: they build task-centered relations and focus on the quality and quantity of work accomplished.
Second: they are considerate and supportive of employees; attempts to achieve personal goals.

9. Example: work satisfaction ,promotions recognition
and
Work hard to settle disputes keeping people happy, provide encouragement and giving positive reinforcement

10. OHIO STATE THEORY
Consideration - leader concerned with subordinates feelings and respects subordinate and relationship is characterized by mutual, trust, respect, 2-way communication.
Initiating structure - the leader clearly defined the leader subordinates roles so that subordinates know what is expected of them. The leaders establish channels of communication and determines the methods for accomplishing the group’s task.” (e.g.p. 16)

11. MICHIGAN STUDIES
Job centered – leader pays close attention to the work of subordinates, explains work procedures & is interested in performance – main concern is efficient completion of task.
Employee centered - leader attempts to build effective work groups with high performance goals.
Leaders main concern is with high performance, but that was to be accomplished by paying attention to the human aspects of the group.
opposite ends job centered
employee centered

12. LEADERSHIP GRID
A framework for portraying types of leadership behavior and their various potential combination.
2 dimension: concern production and concern for people

13. Concern for production9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1
(9,9)
(1,9)
Concern
for
people
(5,5)
(1,1)
(9,1)
Concern for production

14. (1,1) – low people, low production
(9,1) – high production, low people
(1,9) – high people, low production
(5,5) – balance (50% of both)
(9,9) – most effective leadership
note : (9 represents high concern)
( 1 represents low concern)

15. TANNENBAUM SCHMIDT LEADERSHIP GRID
TELLING
SELLING
CONSULTING
JOINING

16. Tells Sells Consults Joins Concept: Leader centered:
Involvement of subordinates not necessary.
Language:
This is where we will go and this is how we will get there.
Involve subordinates to insure understanding.
This is where we will go and how we will get there. Are there any question?
Team centered:
Involve subordinates in discussion of how to implement leader’s goal.
This is where we will go. Let’s talk about the best way to get there.
Involve subordinates in setting goals and appraising progress.
Let’s discuss our unit goals, the best way to get there and how we will evaluate progress.
LEADERSHIP STYLE
(Use of Authority by Leader)
GROUP PARTICIPATION
(Areas of Freedom of the Group)
Gives group
Freedom to
define problem
and decide.
Present problem;
ask for ideas;
decides.
Announces decision
permits questions.
Presents problems and
boundaries; group decides.
Action:
Leader decides;
Announces decision.
Present tentative decision;
consults group and decides.
“sells” decisions to group
LEADER CENTERED
TEAM CENTERED

17. Educational leadership theory
Prof. Dr. Zaidatol Akmaliah Lope Pihie
September 2014

18. Bass’ Theory

20. Leithwood’s Theory

22. Griffith’s Theory

24. Leithwood’s Theory

25. MC Ewan’s Theory

26. Blase’s Theory

27. Hallinger’s Theory