1. The Industrial Revolution: Developments and Impact

2. Urbanization: the growth and development of cities

4. Advances in Technology:
Electric Power:
1831: Michael Faraday – moving a magnet through coil of copper wire creates electrical current
1860: Joseph Swan – first primitive light bulb
1879: Thomas Edison – first practical/useable light bulb

5. Why do you think Thomas Edison is more famous than Joseph Swan?
Partner Discussion
Why do you think Thomas Edison is more famous than Joseph Swan?

6. Advances in Technology:
Transportation:
1830s: Steam-powered trains and train lines developed, expand through 1800s
1850s: Henry Bessemer – Bessemer Process for making stronger steel
Stronger steel means better building materials
1851: First train in India
1852: First train in Africa (Egypt)
1891: Russia’s Trans-Siberian Railroad started

9. Partner Discussion
What would be the results of the expanding railroad system in the United States?

10. Advances in Technology:
Transportation:
1849: Regular steamship service began in the US
1870: Long distance travel became common
1885: Carl Benz builds the first “automobile”
1886: Gottlieb Daimler adds an internal combustion engine and the carburetor
1908: Henry Ford uses mass production
1915: Roads outnumber railways
1920: Model T makes up 40-50% of all automobiles

11. Advances in Technology:
Transportation:
1783: First hot air balloons
1903: First sustained powered air craft

12. Partner Discussion
Why do you think the changed in transportation happened on the ground and water first (as opposed to flying)?

13. Advances in Technology:
Communication:
1837: Samuel Morse creates the “telegraph” – then Morse Code
1844: 35 miles of telegraph lines in the US
1866: Telegraph cable laid across the Atlantic Ocean floor
1870: Wires from England to India
News and information could be received in hours rather than days/weeks

14. Advances in Technology:
Communication:
1876: Alexander Graham Bell invents the telephone
1900: 1.5 million telephones in America

15. Advances in Technology:
Communication:
1895: Guglielmo Marconi creates the wireless telegraph – the radio
Originally used for ships to communicate – uses were expanded later
1878: Thomas Edison creates the phonograph

16. How did the advances in communication change daily life?
Partner Discussion
How did the advances in communication change daily life?

18. Dangerous working conditions Harsh factory discipline
Problems of the Industrial Revolution
Long hours for low pay
Dangerous working conditions
Harsh factory discipline
Exploitation of child labor
Lack of adequate living conditions
Disease/epidemics
Class tensions

19. Laws to protect children and women Working standards established
Solutions
Laws to protect children and women
Working standards established
Work to improve living conditions
Workers can strike and collective bargain
Public education and prison reforms passed

21. Partner Discussion
How were the solutions to problems of industrialization beneficial to citizens?

22. Writing Assignment
In a short paragraph (minimum 4 sentences), which of the effects of the Industrial Revolution (transportation, communication, new laws passed) had the largest impact on daily life? Explain why.