1. Education Programmes in the Youth Justice Continuum Dr. Dermot StokesNational Coordinator, Youthreach Department of Education and Science

2. To begin

3. One life, many services What?Who? Home/accommodation Waking, washing, having breakfast Walking to bus stop; bus School, going to first class.. Or not.. Dyslexia Dental care, vaccination… Schools out, hanging about Homework? Play…

4. Multitudes of actors Children meet: Teachers, Guidance counsellors, resource teachers etc Instructors, tutors, Centre co-ordinators, Directors Youth workers Advocates (FAS-funded); Mediators (LES) Garda Juvenile Liaison Officers Youth Probation Officers Social workers, Community Care, outreach workers… Education Welfare Officers Family Welfare Conference Co-ordinators, FWC facilitators, FWC mentors Psychologists (NEPS, HSE), psychiatrists… Legal representatives, GALs Court officers… Etc

5. School matters - continuum Level 8: Residential care Level 7: centre for education/YEP Level 6: Behaviour support classroom Level 5: Deputy Principal/Principal Level 4: care team Level 3: Year head Level 2: Class tutor Level 1: Classroom teacher

6. Some figures (2007) 18+% of age cohort do not proceed to Leaving Certificate School attendance: 20% absenteeism For 14% the Junior Certificate is the last official second level exam 4% leave with no qualifications Females stay longer than males, outperform in exams Educational retention strongly mirrors social background Stable figures

7. First response: Prevention (in schools) DEIS – the School Support Programme (SSP) Home School Community Liaison Scheme School Completion Programme Also: Learning Support/Resource Teachers, Traveller supports, etc BHSS NEWB NEPS NCSE etc

8. Second response: out of-school measures - education YOUTHREACH (Centres, CTCs, Justice); STTCs YEPs (5) Cooperation hours, etc Youth services and projects – different mechanisms Youth Information Centres, Young Peoples Services and Facilities Fund NOTE: poor transfer of information from schools; also, none of the school supports transfer;

9. Other out of-school measures Other FÁS, Failte Ireland, Teagasc provision, etc; Local Employment Services Probation initiatives Garda projects Drugs Task Force projects Springboard projects Projects supported by Area-based Partnerships PEACE projects (Border area) Barnardos Family Support projects Neighbourhood Youth Projects Steps Advice and Counselling Services Ireland Fund projects Etc!

10. Mapping provision Schools Youthreach Youth services HSE Gardai NEWB, etc

11. What is Youthreach? A programme, not an organisation Youthreach is the principal national response aimed at early school leavers (aged 16-20) with poor qualifications – less than 5Ds in Junior Cert 15% lone parents; 10% Travellers Inter-Departmental Education and Science – through VECs – 95 Youthreach Centres (3800 places), 33 STTCs (1000+) Enterprise, Trade and Employment – through FAS – 45 CTCs; also Justice workshops (2000 places) Delivered in 150 centres for education and community training centres - small out-of-school units, fulltime and part-time staff Staff: Coordinator/Director, Resource staff, teachers, etc

12. Youthreach: Presenting difficulties Total number of participants in survey2739 Literacy and Numeracy Problems 864 Dysfunctional Family Background 1377 Substance Misuse Problems 756 Need for Sustained Psychological support 829 Specific learning needs 490 Physical disability 37 Intellectual disability 136 Poor physical health, eg. persistent illness/poor nutrition 468 Formally cautioned by police 483 On Probation 145 Two or more of any of the above704

13. From From Maslow and Lowery, 1998

14. From dependence to independence Instability, disorder, dysfunctions, detachment, dependency Foundation Stability, Integration, independence Engagement and attachment ProgressionTransition

15. Global set of needs

16. Case study: Mary 15 yrs old lone parent No family support Seven brothers and sisters Father is dead raped by her cousin last year Left school when she was 13 No member of her family has been in school after the age of 13

17. An inter-agency response