1. CHAPTER 8 MAN OVERBOARD

2. MAN OVERBOARD
A major concern of maritime operations is recovering personnel who have fallen overboard and safely transferring them from the water to the deck of a boat or hatch of a lifeboat. Several recovery systems are demonstrated.
Recovery should not exceed 6 to 8 minutes

3. MAN OVERBOARD
Several recovery techniques are demonstrated along with vessel approach techniques such as the
Williamson method.
Procedures for marking the location of personnel in
the water with a flare or life-ring are discussed along
with alternative rescue methods.

4. MAN OVERBOARD / GPS MOB
The Man Over Board (MOB) function is a common feature for marine GPS units.
If a person falls overboard, the skipper uses this function to immediately mark the current location.
The GPS goes into a "Goto" mode and directs the skipper back to the point where the button was pressed.

5. MAN OVERBOARD / GPS MOB

6. MOB / DIFFERENT SITUATIONS
« Immediate action » situation Casualty is noticed on the bridge and action is initiated immediately
"Delayed action" situation Casualty is reported to the bridge by an eye witness and action is initiated with some delay
"Person missing" situation Person is reported to the bridge as "missing"

7. IMMEDIATE ACTION
First reaction: throw a lifebuoy with light in the direction of the person overboard / call the bridge /
Shout: « man overboard »

8. BOUTAKOV (WILLIAMSON) MANOEUVRE
Rudder hard over (in an "immediate action" situation, only to the side of the casualty)
After deviation from the original course by 60º, rudder hard over to the opposite side.
When heading 20º short of opposite course, rudder to midship position and ship to be turned to opposite course

9. SINGLE TURN
Rudder hard over (in an "immediate action" situation, only to the side of the casualty) .
After deviation from the original course by 250º, rudder to midship position and stopping manoeuvre to be initiated.

10. SCHARNOW TURN Rudder hard over
After deviation from the original course by 240º, rudder hard over to the opposite side.
When heading 20º short of opposite course, rudder to midship position so that ship will turn to opposite course.

11. IMMEDIATE ACTION SITUATION
SINGLE TURN will take the ship back to the scene of the casualty most quickly.
WILLIAMSON TURN requires more time and will temporarily take the ship farther away from the scene of the casualty.
SCHARNOW TURN is not appropriate.

12. DELAYED ACTION SITUATION
WILLIAMSON TURN will take the ship to the scene of the casualty most surely (When the ship has reached the manoeuvre commencement point, search speed must be reduced so as to enable fast stopping) SCHARNOW TURN cannot be carried out effectively unless the time elapsed between the occurrence of the casualty and the commencement of the manoeuvre is known.

13. MISSING PERSON SITUATION
Both WILLIAMSON TURN and SCHARNOW TURN take ship back into her wake. Less distance is covered, and thus time is saved, with SCHARNOW TURN. When ship on opposite course after carrying out SCHARNOW TURN, the manoeuvre commencement point will be some ship's lengths behind her stern. Between one and two nautical miles may be saved. Standard man-overboard manoeuvres are not guaranteed to return a ship into its wake: should be regularly practiced to account for the particular ship characteristics and the effects of environmental conditions on the ship and the person in the water.

14. MISSING PERSON SITUATION
Comparison between Williamson
and Scharnow
For Scharnow: time between
casualty and start of manœuvre
must be known

15. BOUTAKOV (WILLIAMSON) MANOEUVRE

16. BOUTAKOV (WILLIAMSON) MANOEUVRE

17. BOUTAKOV (WILLIAMSON) MANOEUVRE
Remarks
First heading change: between 40° and 70° - depending on the ship’s manoeuvring characteristics (for VLCC: 40°)
Second heading change: 180° + value of first heading change
Engine revs to be mofified after 2nd heading change
Anticipate with counter-rudder due to momentum of the ship
Effects of wind and current will alter the curve
Stop the vessel ot windward of the victim

18. BOUTAKOV (WILLIAMSON) MANOEUVRE
Advantage
Auto-recovery
Ideal with reduced visibility
Disadvantages
Great distance between victim and ship during the turn
Victim pass behind the stern from Ps (Sb) to other side: lost from view
The slowest MOB manœuvre: between 6 and 12 minutes: victim remain 15 minutes in the water

19. SINGLE TURN
Remarks
« Immediate action » manœuvre
Change of heading: between 250° and 300° due to the momentum of the ship
Duration: between 4 and 7 minutes
Revs to be modified at the end of the turn
Trials recommanded
Stop the vessel to windward of the victim

20. Williamson turn versus Single turn
Under favourable dailight conditions
A simple round turn is the best way
To get back to a man overboard in a
Hurry.

21. SCHARNOW TURN
Advantages
Auto-recovery: ship is brought back on opposite course
Victim always in view of rescue team on the bridge
Time needed is shorter than Boutakov
Disadvantage
Not an « immediate action » manoeuvre

22. ADDITIONAL MANOEUVRES
Stop the vessel and full astern
Double Turn
Single Delayed Turn

23. STOP THE VESSEL AND FULL ASTERN
Advantages
« immediate action » manoeuvre
Recommanded whith limited initial speed
Brings the ship faster on the scene
Disadvantages
With single screw ships: transverse thrust will turn the ship
Wind effects will alter the manœuvre
Only with motor ships / turbine ships are too slow to reverse
Momentum of big ships

24. DOUBLE TURN

25. « immediate action » manœuvre English variant:
DOUBLE TURN
« immediate action » manœuvre
English variant:
First 180° change of heading
Ship back on opposite course
Start 2nd heading change when victim on three point athwartships
Reduce revs and approach at windward
Dutch variant:
Start 2nd heading change when actual speed = initial speed
Some sources recommand this manœuvre with beam winds ↔ Boutakov with stern winds

26. SINGLE DELAYED TURN

27. SINGLE DELAYED TURN
This is an « immediate action » manoeuvre
Procedure
Ship keeps her initial heading for one mile
Start of turning circle
Stabilize vessel when new heading =
initial heading + 180° + tangent of tactical diameter
in miles
Example: for a tactical diameter of 0,364 → 200° change of heading

28. MAN OVERBOARD
Remarks
always stops vessel at windward: stopped vessel drifts faster than man in water
A man losses consciousness after 15 minutes in water at 5°
1st approach must always succeed

29. AUDIBLE SIGNAL WITH SIREN
OSCAR
_ _ _
Will enhance moral of the victim

30. IAMSAR RESCUE MANOEUVRES

31. SECTOR SEARCH

32. SECTOR SEARCH
One single ship rescue
Operation
Recommanded for MOB
manoeuvre
Advantage
Ship comes back very
fast to initial starting
position

33. EXPANDING SQUARE SEARCH

34. EXPANDING SQUARE SEARCH
Preferred to « Sector
Search » when dubious
initial position

35. PARALLEL TRACK PATTERN / NO CURRENT
Doubtful position

36. PARALLEL TRACK PATTERN / WITH CURRENT