1. Chapter 5
The Roman Republic

2. The Emergence of Rome Geography of Italy Rome Mediterranean Sea
750 miles long; 120 miles across
Mountains and Plains
Islands
Rome
Tiber River
Mediterranean Sea

3. Ancient Italy and the City of Rome
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4. The Greeks, Etruscans, and Early Rome
The Greeks and the Etruscans
The Greeks
Arrived between 750 – 550 B.C.
Influence on Romans
The Etruscans
Origins
Urbanization
Early Rome
Romulus and Remus (753 B.C.)
Monarchy
Etruscan Influence

5. The Roman Republic (c. 509 – 264 B.C.)
Political Institutions
Consuls and Praetors
Imperium
Specialized Officials
Roman Senate
300 Men Served for Life
Centuriate Assembly
Roman Army
The Struggle of the Orders: Social Divisions in the Roman Republic
Patricians (Aristocratic governing class)
Plebeians (all other citizens)
Tribunes of the Plebs (494 B.C.)
Council of the Plebs (471 B.C.)
Plebiscita

6. The Roman Conquest of Italy
Livy
Conquest of the Samnites (beginning c. 340 B.C.)
Roman Confederation
Citizenship
Opportunistic Expansion
Roads

7. Roman Roads in Italy, c. 100 B.C.
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8. Roman Conquest of the Mediterranean (264 – 133 B.C.)
The Struggle with Carthage
First Punic War (264 – 241 B.C.)
Roman Conquest of Sicily
Second Punic War (218 – 205 B.C.)
Hannibal
Invasion of Italy
Battle of Cannae (216 B.C.)
Battle of Zama
Roman Conquest of Spain
Third Punic War (149 – 146 B.C.)
Cato
Carthage Destroyed

9. Roman Conquests in the Mediterranean, 264-133 B.C.
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10. The Ruins of the Roman city of Nora Previously Occupied by the Carthaginians

11. The Eastern Mediterranean & Roman Imperialism
Greek Support for Carthage
Macedonia made Roman Province (148 B.C.)
Corinth Destroyed (146 B.C.)
Acquisition of Pergamum (133 B.C.)
The Nature of Roman Imperialism
Opportunistic Expansion
Willful Expansion

12. Society and Culture in the Roman World
Greek Influence
Roman Religion
Gods
Adoption of foreign gods
Humans Depended on gods
Ritual
Family
Paterfamilias
Religious Festivals

13. The Temple of Diana – Nimes, Southern France

14. The Growth of Slavery Slaves from conquests Slave Occupations
Latifundia
Treatment of Slaves
Slave Laws
Slave Revolts
Revolt in Sicily (104 – 101 B.C.)
Revolt by Spartacus (73 B.C.)

15. Roman Family, Roman Law The Roman Family The Evolution of Roman Law
Paterfamilias
Authority
Arranged Marriages
Divorce
Education of Daughters
The Evolution of Roman Law
The Twelve Tables (450 B.C.)
Praetors
Law of Nations
Law of Nature

16. The Development of Literature and Art
Plautus (c. 254 – 184 B.C.)
Catullus (c. 87 – 54 B.C.)
Cicero (c. 106 – 43 B.C.)
On the Laws
On the Republic
Influence of Hellenistic Art
Architecture
Engineering Skills

17. Values and Attitudes
Mos Maiorum = customs and traditions of their ancestors
Pietas = dutiful execution of one’s obligations to fellow citizens, to the gods, and to the state

18. The Pont du Gard – Roman Aqueduct Provence, France

19. Decline and Fall of the Roman Republic (133 – 31 B.C.)
Senate
Nobiles (Governing Class)
Optimates
Populares
Latifundias
Tiberius Gracchus (163 – 133 B.C.)
Gaius Gracchus (153 – 121 B.C.)

20. A New Role for the Roman Army: Marius and Sulla
Marius (consul 107, 104 – 100 B.C.)
Military Reforms
Lucius Cornelius Sulla (dictator 82 – 79 B.C.)
Seizes Power using the army
Reign of Terror against opponents

21. The Collapse of the Republic
Civil Wars
First Triumvirate (Crassus, Pompey and Caesar)
Julius Caesar
Conquest of Gaul (Modern France)
Crosses the Rubicon River (49 B.C.)
Defeats Pompey
Dictator in 47 B.C.; Dictator for Life in 44 B.C.
Reconstitutes Senate
Assassinated (44 B.C.)
Octavian and Marc Antony
Cleopatra Queen of Egypt
Battle of Actium (31 B.C.)
Marc Antony and Cleopatra commit suicide

22. Roman Dominions in the Late Republic, 31 B.C.
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23. Discussion Questions
Why were the Romans able to defeat or subdue all their enemies in the Italian peninsula?
What were the keys to the Roman defeat of Carthage during the Punic Wars?
What influence did Greece and other Italian peoples have on the Romans?
What was the nature of Roman Imperialism?
Did slavery have a positive or negative effect on the Roman Republic?
What factors brought about the downfall of the Roman Republic?

24. Web Links The Mysterious Etruscans
Internet Ancient History Sourcebook - Rome
Encyclopedia Mythica: Roman Mythology
Hannibal Barca and the Punic Wars
Resisting Slavery in Ancient Rome
The Glory of Rome
Julius Caesar