1. How can you ensure a healthy urinary system?
The Urinary System
How can you ensure a healthy urinary system?
Include healthful sources of fluids to help maintain the function of your urinary system.

2. In this lesson, you will learn to:
Lesson Objectives
In this lesson, you will learn to:
Describe the structures and functions of the urinary system
Examine the effects of health behaviors on the urinary system
Identify the problems and warning signs of the urinary system

3. Function of the Urinary System
What Does the Urinary System Do?
The main function of the urinary system is to filter waste and extra fluid from the blood.
Urine consists of water and body wastes that contain nitrogen, which become toxic to cells if they remain in the body for too long.

4. Function of the Urinary System
The Kidneys
The kidneys remove waste products from the blood through tiny filtering units called nephrons.
Each nephron consists of a ball formed of small capillaries, called a glomerulus, and a small tube called a renal tubule that functions as a filtering funnel.

5. Function of the Urinary System
How Does the Kidney Work?
The kidneys adjust the amount of salts, water, and other materials excreted in the urine according to the body’s needs.
When the blood and body fluids become too acidic or too alkaline, the kidneys alter the acidity of the urine to restore the balance.
When the body becomes dehydrated, the pituitary gland releases antidiuretic hormone (ADH), stimulating thirst and allowing the kidney to balance the fluid levels in the body.

6. Function of the Urinary System
The Ureters
From the kidneys urine travels to the bladder through the ureters.
Muscles in the ureter walls tighten and relax to force urine down and away from the kidneys.

7. Function of the Urinary System
The Bladder and the Urethra
Located in the pelvic cavity, the bladder is held in place by ligaments attached to other organs and to the pelvic bones.
Until the bladder is ready to be emptied, sphincter muscles close tightly around the opening into the urethra.

8. Function of the Urinary System
Kidney Structure and Function
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9. Health Behaviors and the Urinary System
Maintaining a Healthy Urinary System
Drink at least eight 8-ounce glasses of water each day, and limit your intake of caffeine and soft drinks.
Eat a well-balanced diet.
Practice good hygiene and personal health care.
Have regular medical checkups.

10. Problems of the Urinary System
Urinary System Infections
Urinary system problems can result from several different conditions, including infection and blockage of urine.
Cystitis is most often caused by a bacterial infection, which can spread to the kidneys.
Urethritis can be caused by a bacterial infection.
Symptoms of both conditions include burning pain during urination, increased frequency of urination, fever, and the presence of blood in the urine.
Treatment includes antibiotics to eliminate infection.

11. Problems of the Urinary System
Kidney Problems
Nephritis is the inflammation of the nephrons.
Kidney stones form when salts in the urine crystallize into a solid stone, usually containing calcium.
Uremia is a serious condition associated with a decrease in blood filtration by the kidneys.

12. Problems of the Urinary System
Kidney Failure
Kidney failure can be acute, meaning sudden onset, or chronic, in which case the kidneys progressively lose their ability to function.
Treatment includes reducing symptoms and slowing the progression of the disease.
If kidney damage is extensive, dialysis or a kidney transplant may be required.
A kidney transplant involves the replacement of a nonfunctional kidney with a healthy kidney from a donor.

13. Problems of the Urinary System
Types of Dialysis
Peritoneal Dialysis
Hemodialysis
In hemodialysis a needle connected to plastic tubing passes blood from the patient to a machine that filters the blood and returns it in much the same manner that a healthy kidney would.

14. Q. The __________ are tubes that connect the kidneys to the bladder.
Quick Review
Choose the appropriate option.
Q. The __________ are tubes that connect the kidneys to the bladder.
ureters
2. nephrons
kidney stones
4. uremia

15. A. 1. ureters Quick Review - Answer
The ureters are tubes that connect the kidneys to the bladder.
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16. Quick Review
Choose the appropriate option.
Q. The main function of the urinary system is to filter waste and extra fluids from the blood.
True
False

17. Quick Review - Answer
A. True. The main function of the urinary system is to filter waste and extra fluids from the blood.
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18. Quick Review
Choose the appropriate option.
Q. The urethra is a tube that leads from the bladder to the outside of the body.
True
False

19. A. True. The urethra is a tube that leads from the bladder to the outside of the body.
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20. Quick Review
Choose the appropriate option.
Q. Early detection and warning signs are less important for young people in seeking health care for urinary system problems.
True
False

21. Quick Review - Answer
A. False. Early detection and warning signs are important for young people in seeking health care for urinary system problems.
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22. End of Lesson 3
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23. Quick Review - Answer
A. Correct! The ureters are tubes that connect the kidneys to the bladder.
Click Next to attempt another question.

24. Quick Review - Answer
You have answered the question incorrectly. Go back to try again, or click Next to view the correct answer.

25. Quick Review - Answer
A. Correct! The main function of the urinary system is to filter waste and extra fluids from the blood.
Click Next to attempt another question.

26. Quick Review - Answer
You have answered the question incorrectly. Go back to try again, or click Next to view the correct answer.

27. Quick Review - Answer
A. Correct! The urethra is a tube that leads from the bladder to the outside of the body.
Click Next to attempt another question.

28. Quick Review - Answer
You have answered the question incorrectly. Go back to try again, or click Next to view the correct answer.

29. Quick Review - Answer
A. Correct! Early detection and warning signs are important for young people in seeking health care for urinary system problems.
Click Next to attempt another question.

30. Quick Review - Answer
You have answered the question incorrectly. Go back to try again, or click Next to view the correct answer.

31. Function of the Urinary System
What Does the Urinary System Do?
The main function of the urinary system is to filter waste and extra fluid from the blood.
Urine consists of water and body wastes that contain nitrogen, which become toxic to cells if they remain in the body for too long.
Urine is liquid waste material.

32. Function of the Urinary System
The Kidneys
The kidneys remove waste products from the blood through tiny filtering units called nephrons.
Each nephron consists of a ball formed of small capillaries, called a glomerulus, and a small tube called a renal tubule that functions as a filtering funnel.
Nephrons are the functional units of the kidneys.

33. Function of the Urinary System
The Ureters
From the kidneys urine travels to the bladder through the ureters.
Muscles in the ureter walls tighten and relax to force urine down and away from the kidneys.
The bladder is a hollow muscular organ that acts as a reservoir for urine.

34. Function of the Urinary System
The Ureters
From the kidneys urine travels to the bladder through the ureters.
Muscles in the ureter walls tighten and relax to force urine down and away from the kidneys.
The ureter is a tube that connects the kidneys to the bladder.

35. Function of the Urinary System
The Bladder and the Urethra
Located in the pelvic cavity, the bladder is held in place by ligaments attached to other organs and to the pelvic bones.
Until the bladder is ready to be emptied, sphincter muscles close tightly around the opening into the urethra.
The urethra is a tube that leads from the bladder to the outside of the body.

36. Problems of the Urinary System
Urinary System Infections
Urinary system problems can result from several different conditions, including infection and blockage of urine.
Cystitis is most often caused by a bacterial infection, which can spread to the kidneys.
Urethritis can be caused by a bacterial infection.
Symptoms of both conditions include burning pain during urination, increased frequency of urination, fever, and the presence of blood in the urine.
Treatment includes antibiotics to eliminate infection.
Cystitis is an inflammation of the bladder.

37. Problems of the Urinary System
Urinary System Infections
Urinary system problems can result from several different conditions, including infection and blockage of urine.
Cystitis is most often caused by a bacterial infection, which can spread to the kidneys.
Urethritis can be caused by a bacterial infection.
Symptoms of both conditions include burning pain during urination, increased frequency of urination, fever, and the presence of blood in the urine.
Treatment includes antibiotics to eliminate infection.
Urethritis is the inflammation of the urethra.

38. Problems of the Urinary System
Types of Dialysis
Peritoneal Dialysis
Hemodialysis
In hemodialysis a needle connected to plastic tubing passes blood from the patient to a machine that filters the blood and returns it in much the same manner that a healthy kidney would.
Hemodialysis is a technique in which an artificial kidney machine removes waste products from the blood.

39. Problems of the Urinary System
Types of Dialysis
Peritoneal Dialysis
Hemodialysis
Hemodialysis
Peritoneal dialysis
In hemodialysis a needle connected to plastic tubing passes blood from the patient to a machine that filters the blood and returns it in much the same manner that a healthy kidney would.
Peritoneal dialysis uses the peritoneum, a thin membrane that surrounds the digestive organs, to filter the blood.
A catheter is inserted into the abdominal cavity to remove toxins.