1. Becoming an Individual
Chapter 3
Becoming an Individual

2. Individuality is the quality or qualities that set one person apart from others. We are not born with individuality but must achieve it through effort
Copyright © Houghton Mifflin Company. All rights reserved.

3. Families, teachers, friends, and popular culture influence our thoughts, words, attitudes and actions more than we realize
Copyright © Houghton Mifflin Company. All rights reserved.

4. Attitudes are beliefs that are expressed indirectly, through tone of voice or mannerisms. In most cases, we are unaware of our attitudes
Copyright © Houghton Mifflin Company. All rights reserved.

5. Popular culture refers to the ideas, attitudes, and values that are disseminated through the communications and entertainment media
Copyright © Houghton Mifflin Company. All rights reserved.

6. Four Empowering Attitudes
1. There’s always room for improvement
2. Criticism, including self-criticism, has value
3. Effort is the key to success
4. Other people are as important as I am
Copyright © Houghton Mifflin Company. All rights reserved.

7. Manipulation is influencing someone through dishonest means
Copyright © Houghton Mifflin Company. All rights reserved.

8. Common Types of Manipulation
Biased reporting
Dishonest appeals to emotion
Stacking the deck
Suppressing dissent
Repetition
Copyright © Houghton Mifflin Company. All rights reserved.

9. Kinds of Biased Reporting
Biased headline
Biased lead sentence
Biased reporting of polls
Biased handling of quotations
Copyright © Houghton Mifflin Company. All rights reserved.

10. Strategy for Resisting Manipulation
Be alert for it
Ask probing questions
Be imaginative
Check information sources
Copyright © Houghton Mifflin Company. All rights reserved.

11. Ways to Be Imaginative Create mental pictures
Produce relevant examples
Create realistic scenarios
Construct a new viewpoint
Copyright © Houghton Mifflin Company. All rights reserved.

12. Habits for Individuality
Be wary of first impressions
Be honest with yourself
Fight confusion
Produce many ideas
Acknowledge complexity
Look for connections among ideas
Consider other viewpoints
Base your judgments on evidence
Copyright © Houghton Mifflin Company. All rights reserved.