1. Plant / Animal / Bacterial
Looking Inside Cells
Plant / Animal / Bacterial

2. Cell Size Most cells range in size between 1 to 100 micrometers
In 1 meter there are 100,000 micrometers (µm), in 1 mm there are 1000 micrometers (µm)
Most cells are visible only with the aid of a microscope

3. Types of Cells

4. Cell Wall Surrounds plant, bacterial, fungi and some protist cells
Function = Used for support / shape and protection
Made of cellulose in plants/ proteins / polysaccharides (big sugar)
Allows water and oxygen to pass through

5. Cell Membrane Surrounds all cells Has protein pores
Function = Controls what substances go in and out of the cell
Made of lipids (fats)

6. Nucleus Not found in bacterial cells (prokaryotes)
Found in plant and animal cells (eukaryotes)
Located near the center of the cell
Function = Control center, directs cell’s activities, holds genetic material (DNA)
Has 3 main parts

7. 3 Main Parts of the Nucleus
Nuclear Membrane (has pores/controls what moves in and out/protects)
Chromatin (genetic material or DNA and proteins, contains instructions to life)
Nucleolus (makes ribosomes)

8. Cytoplasm Thick, jellylike fluid
Function = Cushions and protects the internal organelles, filling the empty space, and keeping everything in place.
Cytoplasmic Streaming (always moving to move things in the cell)
Contains Cytoskeleton (support)

9. Mitochondria Many found throughout the cell Jelly bean shaped
Function = “Powerhouse”- produce most of the cell’s energy
Where RESPIRATION takes place
Have own double membrane and DNA/RNA

10. Endoplasmic Reticulum
Found coming out of the nucleus
Looks like a maze of passageways
Function = Carries proteins and other materials around cell
Rough ER- Ribosomes attached
Smooth ER- No Ribosomes attached

11. Ribosomes Found attached to ER or floating in cytoplasm
Very small organelles that contain tRNA
Function = Help produce proteins by reading mRNA

12. Golgi Bodies or Apparatus
Found out in the cytoplasm
Look like flattened sacs and tubes
Function = Receive and package proteins etc. to be shipped around and out of the cell
“Blebs” are the bubble like packages they create

13. Vacuoles Found in the cytoplasm Look like a fluid filled bubble
Function = Used as a storage area for extra food / water / wastes / etc.
Plant cells have a central vacuole that is important in maintaining plant turgidity
Some animal cells have no vacuoles

14. Lysosomes Found floating in the cytoplasm Look small and round
Contain harsh chemicals and enzymes (type of protein)
Function = Used to breakdown food and old cell parts

15. Chloroplasts Not found in animal cells or most bacterial cells
Found in all plant cells and some protists
Large, green jellybean structures
Function = Contain Chlorophyll (green pigment) that captures energy from the sun
Where part of photosynthesis takes place

16. Comparing Cells Bacterial Cell Plant Cell Animal Cell Cell Wall Yes No
Vacuole
Yes (central vacuole)
Sometimes
No central
Chloroplasts
Eukaryote
(nucleus)
Prokaryote
(no nucleus)

17. Cells Tissues Organs Organ Systems Organisms
Connecting it All
Cells Tissues Organs
Organ Systems Organisms
Cells – basic unit of structure and function
Tissues - groups of cells that perform a common function
Organs - group of tissues that perform a specific function
Organ System – collection of organs that work together
Organism – a living thing

18. Specialized Cells