1. Cognition
Joey Watson

2. VII. Cognition
Memory
Language
Thinking
Problem Solving and Creativity

3. Memory: 3 storage units: Sensory Short Long
perception to memory; iconic (visual) tenths of second or echoic (auditory) few seconds
Short
Few seconds to a minute
7 items +- 2
Maintenance rehearsal- keep something in short term memory long enough to be used
Elaborative rehearsal- organizing and understanding info to remember it
Long
Permanent retention
Episodic memory- events experienced
Semantic memory- facts figures and general knowledge
Procedural memory- skills and habits

4. Language: Sound to communicate ideas
Phonemes- smallest units of speech sounds distinct from one another
Morphemes- smallest semantically meaningful parts of language
Syntax- rules used for arrangement of morphemes into meaningful sentences
Prosody- tone and inflection; added meaning without changing words

5. Language
Stages:
Cooing-> Babbling-> holophrases (one word for broad category of things)-> telegraphic speech (two or three word sentences)-> speech
Noam Chomsky – transformational grammar- differentiates between surface structure of language and deep structure of language

6. Thinking Many different types, sometimes overlap
Autistic thinking- applies to daydreaming and fantasizing
Directed thinking- drawing inferences, problem solving
Reasoning- drawing conclusions from evidence
Deductive reasoning- drawing logical conclusions from general statements
Inductive Reasoning- drawing general inferences from specific observations

7. Problem Solving and Creativity:
Divergent thinking- brainstorming
Convergent thinking- narrowing to 1 choice
Heuristics- intuitive rules of thumb
Algorithms- systematic mechanical approaches to guarantee eventual answer to problem
Insight- sudden understanding of potential strategy to solve problem

8. Problem Solving and Creativity:
Wolfgang Kohler- had a chimp in cage with 2 sticks, outside cage were bananas, both too short to reach bananas so combined sticks into 1 to reach bananas –insight
Mental set- framed set of mind to approach problem; functional fixedness- tendency to assume item is only useful for task it is designed for
Confirmation bias- search for info that supports particular view
Creativity – process of producing something novel yet worthwhile; elusive nature