1. Convention and Compromise

2. What are the Issues after the New Confederation is formed?
I. Economic Depression
Unemployment increased
Southern plantations damaged during war
Rice exports dropped
Trade fell off with British b/c the close of West Indies ports
Little made paid foreign debts
Currency shortage
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3. II. Difficult times for farmers
Suffered b/c could not sell goods
Had problems paying the requests for money to help pay for revolutionary war
Officials seized farmers land to pay their debts and threw many farmers in jail
Revolts began!
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4. III. Shay’s Rebellion
Movement by New England farmers desperate to be paid for the service in the Revolutionary War.
Farmer Daniel Shays took charge of the group and led an attack on a federal arsenal in Springfield, Massachusetts, in January 1787
Four men were killed and 20 wounded.

5. What did Shay’s Rebellion show us?
The national government under the Articles of Confederation was powerless to raise money to pay back the debt or pay back the soldiers because each law had to be approved by every single state. Just one state's saying no meant that a bill was defeated.
Out of all this came a general agreement that a stronger federal government was needed. Later in 1787, the Constitution became a reality.

6. Why slavery was an issue?
, 11 states all except South Carolina & Georgia outlawed or heavily taxed the importation of enslaved people
1774 Quakers in Pennsylvania organized 1st American Anti-slavery society, and 6 years later passed a law to gradual start the freeing of enslaved people
Between , Connecticut, Rhode Island, New York, and New Jersey passed laws to end slavery. Still, free African Americans faced discrimination.
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7. Barred from many public places
Few states gave free Africans Americans the right to vote
Children attended separate schools
States to the South clung to the institution of slavery
Plantation system of the South was built on slavery, many Southerners feared that their economy could not survive without it.
However increasing number of slaveholders began freeing slaves.
Virginia passed law of manumission.
Abolition of slavery in the North divided the new country

8. The Constitutional Convention
Philadelphia May 1787
55 delegates
Native Americans, African Americans, and women were not apart of the political process
George Washington and Benjamin Franklin were present
James Madison is often called the Father of the constitution because he was the author of the basic plan of government the convention adopted.

9. Virginia Plan vs. New Jersey Plan
The VP proposed a legislative branch consisting of two chambers (bicameral legislature), with the dual principles of rotation in office and recall applied to the lower house of the national legislature.
States with a large population, like VA (which was the most populous state at the time), would thus have more representatives than smaller states
NJP: proposed a single-chamber legislature in which each state, regardless of size, would have one vote, as under the Articles of Confederation.

10. Compromise: Which Plan Wins?
Neither plan is used. The convention settled on the Connecticut Compromise, creating a House of Representatives apportioned by population and a Senate in which each state is equally represented.

11. 3/5 Compromise
The debate was over if, and if so, how, slaves would be counted when determining a state's total population for constitutional purposes.
The issue was important, this population number would then be used to determine the number of seats that the state would have in the U.S. House of Representatives for the next 10 years, & to determine what % of the nation's direct tax burden the state would have to bear.
The compromise was proposed by delegates James Wilson and Roger Sherman.

12. Other Facts/Issues Slave Trade Bill of Rights
Divided North & South. Outlawed now in the North, Southerners wouldn’t agree. To keep southern states apart of the nations northerners agreed Congress could not interfere with Slave Trade until
Bill of Rights
Defined listing of government powers, provided adequate protection of individual rights
Approving the Constitution
Massachusetts and Virginia would not sign
9/13 states approved, new government formed