1. Chapter 20
The Atlantic World

2. 20.1 Spain Builds an American Empire
Christopher Columbus voyaged from Spain in 1492
He sailed west across the Atlantic in search of an alternative trade route to Asia
He never reached Asia

3. 20.1 Spain Builds an American Empire
Columbus landed in the Bahamas
He encountered the Taino
He named the Island San Salvador “Holy Savior”
He through the islands searching for gold

4. 20.1 Spain Builds an American Empire
1493, Columbus went out on his second voyage with the intent to colonize the Caribbean islands

5. 20.1 Spain Builds an American Empire
Pedro Alvares Cabral (Portuguese) reached Brazil
Amerigo Vespucci (Italian) traveled eastern coast of South America
1519, Ferdinand Magellan (Portuguese) sailed to the Philippines and was killed in war. His crew ravished by disease and starvation returned home to Spain.

6. 20.1 Spain Builds an American Empire
Magellan’s crew was the first to sail around the world.
Hernando Cortes (Spanish) landed in Mexico.
Conquistadors (conquerors) carved out colonies in Mexico, South America, and the United States.

7. 20.1 Spain Builds an American Empire
Spanish were the first European settlers in the America’s.
Cortes marched to Tenochtitlan (Aztec city) and would have received half of the gold supply but that was not enough for Cortes.
Cortes “disease of the heart that only gold can cure.”

8. 20.1 Spain Builds an American Empire
Cortes army killed many Aztec’s.
Fighting began and the Aztec were conquered.
Spanish had superior weapons and they recruited other natives who disliked the Aztec’s to help them overtake the Aztec’s.

9. 20.1 Spain Builds an American Empire
Francisco Pizarro (Spain), South America and conquered the Incan Empire.
Atahualpa, Incan ruler, met with Pizarro, was ambushed and killed after giving a room of gold and two rooms of silver.
Remaining Incan’s retreated.
Pizarro captured the Incan capital, Cuzco.

10. 20.1 Spain Builds an American Empire
Spain used “reconquista” (when they conquered the Muslims in Spain) when conquering the American empire.
Peninsulares (Spanish men) had relations with the native women. Mestizo (mixed) population is created.

11. 20.1 Spain Builds an American Empire
The Spanish oppressed and exploited the natives.
Encomienda – natives farmed, ranced or mined for Spanish landlords who were abusive and caused death to the natives.

12. 20.1 Spain Builds an American Empire
Brazil was outside of Spanish control.
Portugal
Grew Sugar

13. 20.1 Spain Builds an American Empire
Spain is the most powerful nation in the world during the 16th century.
Strong navy and army.
More expeditions charted in the Americas.

14. 20.1 Spain Builds an American Empire
Juan Ponce de Leon landed in Florida and claimed it for Spain.
Francisco Vasquez de Coronado led expedition through Arizona, New Mexico, Texas, Oklahoma, and Kansas.
Priests were on these missions to help convert the natives.

15. 20.1 Spain Builds an American Empire
Spanish priests wanted better treatment of the natives.
Encomienda system abolished in 1542 and replaced with African slavery.

16. 20.1 Spain Builds an American Empire
Columbus encountered resistance with poison arrows.
Spanish priests and soldiers burned native sacred objects and prohibited native rituals as well as abused them.
Pope’ – 1680, Pueblo ruler rebelled and pushed the Spanish back for 12 years.

17. 20.2 European Nations Settle North America
Treaty of Tordesillas divided the Americas between Spain and Portugal – ignored by other European countries
France, England and Dutch couldn’t find the route to Asia so they established colonies in North America.

18. 20.2 European Nations Settle North America
Giovanni da Verrazzano (Italy) in the service of France sailed to North America in search of a sea route to the Pacific.
Discovered New York harbor
Jacques Cartier (France)
Eastern coast of Canada
St. Lawrence river
Mont Real (Mount Royal) – known as Montreal

19. 20.2 European Nations Settle North America
Samuel de Champlain
Quebec – base of France’s colonial empire known as New France
Jacques Marquette/Louis Joliet
Great Lakes and upper Mississippi River
Sieur de LaSalle
Lower Mississippi - Louisiana