How Your Cells Eat, Drink and be Merry!

How Your Cells Eat, Drink and be Merry!
Cellular Transport How Your Cells Eat, Drink and be Merry! This is going to show how cells transport substances in and out.

Do Your Cells Eat and Drink?
Cells must take in water and nutrients in order to function. Mmm….. The cell must take in sugars, hormones, amino acids, etc. In takes in all things necessary for cellular function. Get input from students on cell shape. Discuss the fact that cells are 3D.

What part of the cell allows it to take in nutrients and water?
First ask the students if they know the answer. Click to bring in the picture of the cell membrane. Do not discuss all of the labeled structures. You may point out the different proteins (channel, marker, receptor).

Of What is the Cell Membrane Made?
Proteins, Lipids and carbs Do not discuss individual proteins here. Discuss the structure of the phospholipids (head and tail). It is a fluid membrane. The proteins float through the lipids and it is not solid. It can be described as a “Wall of Crisco”.

What are the Proteins in the Cell Membrane?
Marker Channel Receptor The students do not need to be tested over this information! Click to bring in each name. Do one at a time so you can discuss. Receptors receive chemical information (hormones)and act like a radio antenna to send information inside the cell. Most hormones do not actually go into the cell. Channel protein bring polar compounds (ex: glucose) into the cell. The compound actually has to fit the shape of the channel. Marker proteins identify the cell. They are the “name tags.” They identify the cell as “self,” so that your body identifies your cells. Cholesterol

What are the Proteins in the Cell Membrane?
Phospholipid Hydrophilic Head Water-loving Hydrophobic Tail Water-fearing Protein Channels- allow large molecules to move through The students do not need to be tested over this information! Click to bring in each name. Do one at a time so you can discuss. Receptors receive chemical information (hormones)and act like a radio antenna to send information inside the cell. Most hormones do not actually go into the cell. Channel protein bring polar compounds (ex: glucose) into the cell. The compound actually has to fit the shape of the channel. Marker proteins identify the cell. They are the “name tags.” They identify the cell as “self,” so that your body identifies your cells. Cholesterol-allows membrane to be fluid(movable)

SO….. How DO Your Cells Eat, Drink and be Merry?
They DO party!

Cells move substances through the cell membrane by a process called transport
Two Types of Transport: Passive Transport Active Transport Ask the kids what the word transport means. (To move from one place to another). Cells need to move substances in and out in order to function.

What is Passive Transport?
Requires no energy from cell. Molecules move from high concentration to low concentration. Molecules move with the concentration gradient. These are the three characteristics of passive transport. Concentration gradient – molecules flow with the movement of molecules. “Goes with the flow” – the different concentrations within a space.

What’s happening? Have students explain what is happening in the animation. Starts out highly concentrated and moves (diffuses) to achieve equilibrium. You can use the analogy of having all 30 students sitting at one desk. They would all move to even themselves out.

How would diffusion happen in a cell?
Tell the kids to watch the molecules moving across the membrane. Ask why they are moving. – to reach equilibrium. Notice that some molecules are disappearing (they are being used.)

How would diffusion happen in a cell?

Osmosis is a type of diffusion
Ask what the “Mickey Mouse” molecules represent. - water (They should know this from previous powerpoints). Have the students explain to what is happening. Include movement from high to low. Cell Membrane

Osmosis is a type of diffusion
Cell Membrane

HELP WANTED! Facilitated Diffusion- channel proteins help substances (glucose) pass through the cell membrane. Still passive transport - no energy required. I’m a Channel, I can help! Facilitated Diffusion – channel proteins allows substances into the cell. Remember, the cell does not use energy during passive transport.

HELP WANTED! Facilitated Diffusion- channel proteins help substances (glucose) pass through the cell membrane. Still passive transport - no energy required. I’m a Channel, I can help!

Explain what is happening
This shows the movement of all different substances, which is “reality.” They do not “take turns.” Get the students to explain what is happening.

Explain what is happening

How does Passive Transport affect my cells?

Facilitated Diffusion
Uses energy, moves against concentration gradient, goes from low to high. Cell membrane Endocytosis – phagocytosis pinocytosis.

What would happen to the animal cells in each beaker?
100% Distilled Water 80% H2O 70% Water 30% Dissolved Substances 80% H2O 80% Water 20% Dissolved Substances 80% H2O Ask the students to predict what would happen to the cells in the beaker. You may want to explain solutions first. Dissolved substances would be sugars, salts, ions, etc.

Which way did the water move?
100% Distilled Water 80% H2O Have the students predict – and then show the answer. You have to click to get the beaker and the question to show. Why did the cell get so big?

80% Water 20% Dissolved Substances 80% H2O Predict and show answer. Why did the cell stay the same size?

70% Water 30% Dissolved Substances 80% H2O Predict and show answer. Why did the cell get so small?

REVIEW What part of the cell regulates what goes in and out?
What are the two components of the cell membrane? What are the two types of transport? What are the characteristics of passive transport? Cell membrane Proteins and lipids. Active and passive no energy, high to low, and with concentration gradient.

MORE REVIEW Explain diffusion. Why does it occur?
Explain osmosis. Why does it occur? Explain facilitated diffusion. What is the role of the channel protein in facilitated diffusion? Movement of substances across a membrane. To reach equilibrium Diffusion of WATER across a membrane. To reach equilibrium. Diffusion assisted with channel proteins. To help molecules diffuse across.

Even MORE Review! What happens to an animal cell when there are more dissolved substances on the outside of the cell? The inside? When there are equal amounts? Water moves out of the cell, causing it to shrink. Water moves inside the cell, causing it to swell. The cell stays the same size.

How is Active Transport different?
Active transport requires energy. Molecules move from low concentration to high concentration Molecules move against concentration gradient. Ask the students what the energy is - ATP

Active Transport Uses energy, moves against concentration gradient, goes from low to high. Cell membrane Endocytosis – phagocytosis pinocytosis.

What is this cell doing? Have the students explain what is happening. Point out the arrow. - Endocytosis

Endocytosis Cells bring large in particles using cell membrane
There are 2 types: Phagocytosis Pinocytosis Channel proteins are used to bring in large molecules. Cell Eating Cell Sipping Endocytosis is the process of brining particles into the cell. To demonstrate with the use of channels proteins, click on the link at the bottom of the page. You must close the browser window to return to the powerpoint.

Phagocytosis Your white bloods cells also do this.
Amoeba Make sure to point out that the diagram is an amoeba, not a human cell. As the “food particle” moves in the cell, it fuses with lysosomes to be digested. Your white bloods cells also do this. This is the ingestion of large particles.

Pinocytosis For animation, point out to the students that the cell doesn’t “spit” the contents out, like it does in the picture. The particles move into the cell and become part of a vacuole. Tiny pockets form along cell membrane, and pinch off into vacuoles inside the cell. Sometimes called “Cell Drinking”

Exocytosis This is how the cell gets rid of waste.
The blue particle should have “waste” particles in it, but does not. Make sure this is pointed out to the students. The waste fuses to the cell membrane and is then released into the environment. This is how the cell gets rid of waste.

REVIEW How is Active transport different from passive?
What part of the cell is used to bring in particles? How does a cell (including white blood cells) take in LARGE particles? How does a cell take in small or liquid particles? Uses energy, moves against concentration gradient, goes from low to high. Cell membrane Endocytosis – phagocytosis pinocytosis.

How Your Cells Eat, Drink and be Merry!

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How Your Cells Eat, Drink and be Merry!

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