1. Chemical Compounds in Cells
Chapter 1: Section 3
Chemical Compounds in Cells

2. What are Elements and Compounds?
Element – any substance that cannot be broken down into simpler substances

3. What are Elements and Compounds?
Compound– a substance made of two or more elements that are chemically combined

4. Molecules and Compounds Carbon dioxide is a compound. So is water.
Chemical Compounds in Cells
Molecules and Compounds
Carbon dioxide is a compound. So is water.

5. three Molecules and Compounds
Chemical Compounds in Cells
Molecules and Compounds
Carbon dioxide is a compound. So is water.
three
Carbon & oxygen

6. Compounds not containing carbon are inorganic molecules
Chemical Compounds in Cells
Most compounds in living things contain the element carbon – these are ORGANIC COMPOUNDS
Compounds not containing carbon are inorganic molecules

7. Chemical Compounds in Cells
When we eat food, we take in large biological compounds found in food including carbohydrates, proteins, lipids (such as fats(), and nucleic acids (such as DNA) a d use them to power our cells and build our bodies.

8. Cells are made up of: Carbohydrates – energy rich organic compound
Lipids (fats) – has even more energy than carbohydrates
Proteins – they make up a lot of the structure of cells, for example, the cell membrane and many of the organelles
Nucleic Acids – large organic molecule that contains the instructions cells need to carry out all of life’s functions
Water

9. What Compounds Do Cells Need? (teach ok)
carbohydrates
lipids
proteins
nucleic acids
water

10. What Compounds Do Cells Need?
Carbohydrates: energy-rich compounds made of carbon, hydrogen and oxygen (1st paragraph)
Examples: sugars and starches (1st paragraph)
Makes up cell wall and cell membrane (3rd paragraph)

11. Carbohydrates
Carbohydrates: energy-rich compounds made of carbon, hydrogen and oxygen (1st paragraph)
Examples: sugars and starches (1st paragraph)
Makes up cell wall and cell membrane (3rd paragraph)
Stores energy - (write this)

12. Lipids
Lipids: energy-rich compounds made mostly of carbon, hydrogen and some oxygen (1st paragraph)
Makes up most of cell membrane (1st paragraph)
Examples: fats, oils and waxes (2nd paragraph)
Lipids contain more energy than carbohydrates (2nd paragraph)

13. Proteins
Proteins: large organic molecules made of carbon, hydrogen, oxygen, nitrogen and sometimes sulfur (1st paragraph)
Examples: meat, dairy products, fish, nuts and beans (1st paragraph)
Many cell structures and functions depend on proteins (2nd paragraph)
Enzymes: speed up chemical reactions in living things (2nd paragraph)

14. Compare and contrast carbohydrates, lipids, and proteins

15. Compare and contrast carbohydrates, lipids, and proteins
Stores energy, makes up cell wall and cell membrane
Carbon, hydrogen and oxygen
Mostly carbon and hydrogen, some oxygen
Makes up most of cell membrane; stores energy from fats
Carbon, hydrogen, oxygen, nitrogen, sulfur
Makes up many cell structures; enzymes speed up cell reactions

16. Nucleic Acids
Nucleic acids: long organic molecules made mostly of carbon, oxygen, hydrogen nitrogen and phosphorus (1st paragraph)
Has instructions that cells need to carry out all functions of life(1st paragraph)
DNA – a type of nucleic acid – the genetic material that carries information from parent to offspring

17. Do the Math – pg. 26
The graph compares the percentages of some compounds found in a bacterial cell and in an animal cell. What would be a good title for the graph?

18. Water and Living Things
Mostly Water
About two thirds of
the human body is water. Complete the circle
graph to show the percentage of water
in your body.

19. Why is water so important?

20. Chemical reactions take place in water
Substances need to dissolve in water for this to happen.

21. Water helps cells keep their shape
Think of how the leaves of a plant wilt when the plant needs water. After adding water – the leaves perk up.

22. Water keeps the temperature of cells from changing rapidly
Think about how the temperature of water changes slowly compared to the temperature of air.

23. Water carries substances into and out of cells
Salt, sugar, etc.

24. Why is water so important? Teach - ok
Chemical reactions take place in water.
Helps cells keep their shape
Helps keep temp of cells stable
Moves substances in and out of cells

25. Why is water so important? Teach - ok
Chemical reactions take place in water.
Helps cells keep their shape
Helps keep temp of cells stable
Moves substances in and out of cells

26. You can go in now; one at a time please!
How does water help stuff get into and out of cells? (we’ll talk about these in the next section)
Diffusion – the main method by which small molecules move across the cell membrane
Osmosis
Active Transport
You can go in now; one at a time please!