1. CH 8: Interventions
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2. Interventions Sometimes referred to as the treatment
An activity or set of activities before the pre- and post-measurements
Permits the most effective and efficient achievement of G & O
What the priority population is exposed to/or takes part in

3. Creating HP Interventions
1987, APHA & CDC-Center for Health Promotion/Health Education developed guidelines:
Address 1 or more risk factors
Consider characteristics of target group
Reduce a target risk factor
Make optimum use of available resources
Planned for evaluation

4. Major Considerations in Designing Interventions
1. Does it match my goals/objectives?
2. At what level of prevention?
Primary
Secondary
Tertiary

5. Major Considerations in Designing Interventions (cont.)
3. Level of influence?
*Intrapersonal, interpersonal, institutional/org.,
comm., public policy
4. Strategies based on appropriate theory?
5. Appropriate fit for population?
6. Do you have the resources?
7. Type of interventions strategies know to be effective?
8. Do I need single or multiple activities (i.e., how many doses)?

6. Selecting Interventions
Several activities are better than one (again multiple dose)
“Hit” the population from different angles/through multiple channels
Still a best guess situation

7. Types of Intervention Strategies
Health Communication
Health Education
Policy/Enforcement
Engineering
Community Service
Community Mobilization (Advocacy)
Communication -- most versatile category
Used to market program and also to educate target pop. about topic
Can increase awareness or knowledge or be a cue to action (Do you...?)
Allows for macro approach: reaches broad audience
Examples: pamphlets, newspaper article or ad, sidewalk chalk, radio,
Educational
Often happens in classes, seminars, workshopsSee Figure 8.4 in text
Usually has formal methods: lecture, discussion, group work, projects
Behavior modification
usually interpersonal (1-on-1) - e.g. personal trainers, counseling
has rewards/incentives and accountability measures (beh. Change contracts, charts, reports, mid-course measurements of weight, etc.…)
Environmental (Organizational, Regulatory - EVEN CULTURAL) : legal, social, economical, physical - could be a campaign or plan to get things changed (food in cafeteria, smoke-free city, $ for health insurance, safe place to dance, laws against drunk-driving, changing what’s cool and isn’t)
Community advocacy - getting people involved in institutions and decisions that impact lives - e.g., forming a Citizens for cleaner streets or MADD group

8. Other Types of Intervention Strategies
Behavior Modification
Org. Culture Activities
Incentives/
Disincentives
Social Activities

9. Cultural Appropriateness
Use a multilevel approach
Accurate translation
Organize activities around recreation/leisure
Use creative approaches
Personalize the delivery
Utilize positive role models
Use clear and simple messages