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Many to one/one to many Types of multiplexing Telephone system
Chapter 8 Multiplexing Many to one/one to many Types of multiplexing Telephone system
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Multiplexing vs. No Multiplexing
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Multiplexing Synchronous Asynchronous Frequency -Division
Multiplexing (FDM) Time-Division Multiplexing(TDM) Synchronous Asynchronous
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FDM
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FDM, Time Domain
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Multiplexing, Frequency Domain
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Demultiplexing, Time Domain
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Demultiplexing, Frequency Domain
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TDM
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Synchronous TDM Allocates exactly the same time slot to each device at all times, whether or not a device has anything to transmit.
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TDM, Multiplexing
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TDM, Demultiplexing
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Framing Bits
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Data Rate Bit Stuffing: Add extra bits to a stream of data such that the devices data rates are integer multiple of each other.
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Asynchronous TDM (Statistical TDM)
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Frames and Addresses a. Only three lines sending data
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Frames and Addresses Asynchronous TDM supports the same number of input lines with a lower capacity link. The total speed of the input lines can exceed the capacity of the path.
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b. Only four lines sending data
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Frames and Addresses c. All five lines sending data
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Multiplexing and Inverse Multiplexing
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Telephone Network
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services Analog services Digital services
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Analog services Switched Leased
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Analog Switched Service
(PSTN
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Analog Leased Service
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Analog Hierarchy
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Digital services Switched/56 DDS DS
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Why Digital? Less sensitive to noise. Inexpensive. Better quality.
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Switched/56 Service Digital Service Unit (DSU): Changes the data rate to 56 Kbps and encodes it into the format used by the service provider. Support bandwidth on demand.
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Digital Data Service (DDS)
The digital version of the analog leased line. Subscriber can choose among 5 data rates: 2.4, 4.8, 9.6,19.2, or 56 Kbps.
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Digital Signal Service (DS) Hierarchy`
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T Lines DS-1, DS-2, … are services, T lines are the lines for transmission digital data, voice, etc. Service Line Rate (Mbps) Voice Channels DS-1 T-1 1.544 24 DS-2 T-2 6.312 96 DS-3 T-3 44.736 672 DS-4 T-4 4032
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T-1 Line
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T-1 Frame
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Fractional T-1 Line
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E Lines European version of T lines. Line Rate (Mbps) Voice Channels
2.048 30 E-2 8.448 120 E-3 34.368 480 E-4 1920
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