1. Comparative Revolutions
American, French, Haitian, and Latin American

2. Key Questions of Unit
How successful was the revolution in accomplishing its goals? Did the goals change as the revolution took its course?
What were the philosophical roots of the revolution?
What were the local and global consequences of the revolution?

3. Glorious Revolution- 1688
How did what happened in England influence the American and French revolutions?

4. American Revolution Influence of Locke and the Enlightenment
Life, Liberty…&?
If a government fails to protect a citizen’s natural rights, they have a right to what?
Patrick Henry, Benjamin Franklin, John Adams and Thomas Jefferson—all firm believers in Enlightenment ideals

5. Enlightenment ideals and the Constitution
What are their ideas?
Locke
Montesquieu
Rousseau
Voltaire
Beccaria
Found in the Constitution?

6. Bill of Rights Embraced Enlightenment ideals
Examples?
Documents influence in France
French soldiers (Lafayette) brought back admiration
“We talked of nothing but America.”

7. Liberator-Hero What does it mean to be a Liberator-Hero?
Other Examples?

8. French Revolution Growing Discontent in France
Inspiring success of USA
Enlightenment ideals
Economic Woes
Weak Leadership
Old Regime
First, Second & Third Estates
The Third Estate is the people and the people are the foundation of the state; it is in fact the State itself; the other orders are merely political categories while by the immutable laws of nature the People are everything. Everything should be subordinated to it…It is in the People that all national power resides and for the people that all states exist.—Comte D’Antraigues, Citizens: A Chronicle of the French Revolution

9. Third Estate
Most affected by Enlightenment, why?

10. Declaration of Rights of Man (& Woman)
Inspired by both Enlightenment and Declaration of Independence
Influence on independence movements worldwide?

11. Liberator-Hero
Marat—Liberator-Hero of French Revolution

12. Age of Napoleon
Out of chaos of French Revolution comes Age of Napoleon
Strong, central leader
Connection to independence movements elsewhere?

13. Haitian Revolution-1790s
Hispaniola (Haiti) is wealthy colonial holding of France
Sweet Revolutions--small number of sugar plantation owners are extremely wealthy, huge slave population supports this
Growing discontent between social classes
French plantation (coffee & sugar) owners
Mulattoes and Slaves demanding equal rights after examples of US and France

14. Haitian Revolution
1804--Hispaniola becomes 2nd independent nation in Western Hemisphere, renames itself Haiti
First successful slave rebellion
Legacy of poverty
Forced to repay France for lost investments
No infrastructure
Today, poorest country in Western Hemisphere

15. Toussaint L’Overture Liberator-Hero
Former slave leads revolt against French & Spanish

16. Latin American Revolutions
Latin America social classes
Role of Creoles in Revolutions
Role of Napoleon
Antonio Narino--early translator of Declaration of the Rights of Man and Citizen, political prisoner for 10+ years in Colombia for this.

18. Liberadores
Bolivar (L) & Jose de San Martin (R)
Bolivar
San Martin

19. Simon Bolivar Liberator-Hero
Creole, educated and widely traveled in Europe
What is he exposed to while there?
fights all over South America against the Spanish
1821-Gran Colombia
Fails, resigns 1828, dies soon afterward

20. Mexico 1810-1821 War of Independence
Led by Mexican born Spanish (criollos) and mestizos
Hidalgo- creole priest who led army, executed 1811.
Morelos signed first Declaration of Independence but was killed in 1815.
Miguel Hidalgo (L) & Jose Morelos (R)

21. Mexico
Iturbide, royalist criollo officer, proclaimed three principles, or "guarantees", for Mexico's independence from Spain:
1. independent monarchy governed by himself
Criollos and peninsulares would henceforth enjoy equal rights and privileges
Roman Catholic Church would retain its privileges and religious monopoly.
Treaty of Cordoba recognized Mexican independence (no effect on land reform, class differences but did abolish slavery).
Miguel Hidalgo (L) & Jose Morelos (R)

22. Brazil
Portuguese colony operating on mercantalism (sugar, gold, diamonds, slaves)
Tiradentes resistance movement 1789 (leader killed but became liberator hero!)
Napoleon invasion of Portugal in 1807
Royal family moved to Brazil implementing reforms
Napoleon’s loss in 1815 reversed things again.
“Peaceful” revolution to protect business, not about rights?
Dom Pedro (the son of Portugal’s king) declared independence.
Slavery abolished 1888

23. Taiping Rebellion 1840s China
Peasant revolt against Western influence and “corrupt” dynasty that allowed Western influence
Failure
Similarity to Haiti?

24. Legacy of French Revolution
Napoleon’s invasion of Egypt and Muhammad Ali
Chomin- Enlightenment in Japan
Effect in Russia
Repercussions on India and China
Effect on Empire?
Thoughts on Race?

25. Key Questions of Unit
How successful was the revolution in accomplishing its goals? Did the goals change as the revolution took its course?
What were the philosophical roots of the revolution?
What were the local and global consequences of the revolution?