1. The Zia Symbol
& New Mexico

2. The Zia Symbol. New Mexico History-Collins-2013-2014

3. The Zia Symbol. New Mexico History-Collins-2013-2014

4. The Zia Symbol. New Mexico History-Collins-2012-2013

5. The Zia Symbol. New Mexico History-Collins-2013-2014
New Mexico's distinctive insignia is the Zia Sun Symbol, which originated with the Indians of Zia Pueblo in ancient times. Its design reflects their tribal philosophy, with its wealth of pantheistic spiritualism teaching the basic harmony of all things in the universe.
The Zia Symbol. New Mexico History-Collins

6. The Zia Symbol. New Mexico History-Collins-2013-2014
Four is the sacred number of Zia, and the figure is composed of a circle from which four points radiate. These points made up of four straight lines of varying length personify the number most often used by the Giver of all good gifts.
The Zia Symbol. New Mexico History-Collins

7. The Zia Symbol. New Mexico History-Collins-2013-2014
To the Zia Indian, the sacred number (4) is embodied in the earth, with its four directions North, South, East and West; in the year, with its four seasons; in the day, with the sunrise, noon, evening, and night; in life, with its four divisions--childhood, youth, manhood, and old age. Everything is bound together in a circle of life and love, without beginning, without end.
The Zia Symbol. New Mexico History-Collins

8. The Zia Symbol. New Mexico History-Collins-2013-2014
The Zia believe, too, that in this great brotherhood of all things, man has four sacred obligations: he must develop a strong body, a clear mind, a pure spirit, and a devotion to the welfare of his people
The Zia Symbol. New Mexico History-Collins

9. The Zia Symbol. New Mexico History-Collins-2012-2013

10. The Zia Symbol. New Mexico History-Collins-2013-2014
Like other Native American Pueblos, the Zia believed in spirit beings known as Kachinas, which could inhabit and / or control just about anything tangible or intangible. The Sun has a Kachina, as does water, fire, wind, crops, health... plus several hundred other entities.
The Zia Symbol. New Mexico History-Collins

11. The Zia Symbol. New Mexico History-Collins-2013-2014
In the 16th century, Spanish settlers tried to force Christianity onto the Zia. Pulling the Native Americans away from their beliefs required strong action by the conquistadors and Zia's ancient religious festivals and ceremonies were outlawed.
The Zia Symbol. New Mexico History-Collins

12. The Zia Symbol. New Mexico History-Collins-2013-2014
Whilst Kachinas are not considered deities to be worshipped, it makes sense to treat such powerful beings with respect and not upset them. So unsurprisingly the Zia resisted the conquistadors' demands and fought (literally) to keep their old customs, festivals and ceremonies.
The Zia Symbol. New Mexico History-Collins

13. The Zia Symbol. New Mexico History-Collins-2013-2014
In the uprising of 1689, for both the European settlers and the indigenous population, issues other than religion were also at stake. Fertile land and control of water were two precious resources that both sides fought over. Despite their firepower and modern military tactics, the Spanish were defeated and fled south.
The Zia Symbol. New Mexico History-Collins

14. The Zia Symbol. New Mexico History-Collins-2013-2014
Nine years later, however, the soldiers returned in greater strength and took control of the territory, almost wiping out the Indian population. By 1892, only about 120 ethnic Zia remained.
The Zia Symbol. New Mexico History-Collins

15. The Zia Symbol. New Mexico History-Collins-2013-2014
Today, it is recognized that the Zia are no threat and their belief system is tolerated, even respected, to the point that a Zia symbol is incorporated in the flags of New Mexico State and its largest city, Albuquerque.
The Zia Symbol. New Mexico History-Collins

16. The Zia Symbol. New Mexico History-Collins-2012-2013
STATE SYMBOLS!
Follow along and draw these in your handouts as we go over them!
FUN, EASY FRIDAY!
CONGRATS ON MAKING IT THROUGH THE FIRST WEEK!
The Zia Symbol. New Mexico History-Collins

17. The Zia Symbol. New Mexico History-Collins-2012-2013
STATE BIRD?
The Zia Symbol. New Mexico History-Collins

18. The Zia Symbol. New Mexico History-Collins-2012-2013
Roadrunner!
The Zia Symbol. New Mexico History-Collins

19. The Zia Symbol. New Mexico History-Collins-2012-2013
STATE MAMMAL?
The Zia Symbol. New Mexico History-Collins

20. The Zia Symbol. New Mexico History-Collins-2012-2013
BLACK BEAR!
The Zia Symbol. New Mexico History-Collins

21. The Zia Symbol. New Mexico History-Collins-2012-2013
State flower?
The Zia Symbol. New Mexico History-Collins

22. The Zia Symbol. New Mexico History-Collins-2012-2013
Yucca!
The Zia Symbol. New Mexico History-Collins

23. The Zia Symbol. New Mexico History-Collins-2012-2013
State vegetables?
The Zia Symbol. New Mexico History-Collins

24. The Zia Symbol. New Mexico History-Collins-2012-2013
Chili & frijoles!
The Zia Symbol. New Mexico History-Collins

25. The Zia Symbol. New Mexico History-Collins-2012-2013
Other facts?
Abbreviation…
Capital city…
Largest city…
Total population of New Mexico…
The Zia Symbol. New Mexico History-Collins

26. The Zia Symbol. New Mexico History-Collins-2012-2013
Other facts?
Abbreviation…NM
Capital city…Santa Fe
Largest city…Albuquerque
Total population of New Mexico…2,085,287
(NM is the 36th most populous state)
(It is also the 5th largest state in terms of land area!)
The Zia Symbol. New Mexico History-Collins

27. The Zia Symbol. New Mexico History-Collins-2012-2013
EVEN More facts!
Nickname…
Motto…
The Zia Symbol. New Mexico History-Collins

28. The Zia Symbol. New Mexico History-Collins-2012-2013
Nickname… Land of Enchantment
Motto… “Crescit Eundo”
“It grows as it goes”
The Zia Symbol. New Mexico History-Collins

29. The Zia Symbol. New Mexico History-Collins-2012-2013
Why do you think these facts and symbols are important to the heritage and culture of New Mexico and New Mexicans?
Answer this in the middle box!
The Zia Symbol. New Mexico History-Collins

30. The Zia Symbol. New Mexico History-Collins-2012-2013
Have a great weekend!
We survived one week!
The Zia Symbol. New Mexico History-Collins