1. Probability and Statistics
Data Classification
Probability and Statistics

2. Types of Data Qualitative Data Quantitative Data
Consist of attributes, labels, or non numerical entries
Quantitative Data
Consist of numerical measurements or counts
City
Population
Cleveland, OH
452,208
Detroit, MI
886,671
Houston, TX
2,016,582
Las Vegas, NV
545,147
Portland, OR
533,427
Topeka, KS
121,946

3. Model
Base Price
Fusion 14S
$17,795
F-150 XL
$18,710
Taurus
$23,785
Escape Sport
$24,575
Focus
$22,830
Fiesta
$18,200
Edge
$28,389

4. Levels of Measurement Nominal Level of Measurement (qual)
Data at this level are categorized using names, labels, or qualities. No math involved!!!
Ordinal Level of Measurement (qual. or quan.)
Data at this level can be arranged in order, or ranked, yet differences are not meaningful.

5. Network Affiliates in Pittsburgh
Top Five TV Programs
1. American Idol – Tuesday
2. American Idol – Wednesday
3. Grey’s Anatomy
4. House
5. CSI
Network Affiliates in Pittsburgh
WTAE (ABC)
WPXI (NBC)
KDKA (CBS)
WPGH (FOX)

6. Division 1 Schools in Michigan
Forbes Top Five
U.S. Cities for Jobs
1. Raleigh-Carry, NC
2. Phoenix, AZ
3. Jacksonville, FL
4. Orlando, FL
5. Washington DC
Division 1 Schools in Michigan
University of Michigan
Michigan State University
Eastern Michigan University
Central Michigan University
Western Michigan University

7. Interval Level of Measurement
Can be ordered, and you can calculate meaningful differences between data entries. No inherent zero
Ratio Level of Measurement
Same as Interval, except with an inherent zero and a ratio of two data values can be formed (one data value can be expressed as a multiple of another)
Inherent zero – a zero that implies “none” $0
0° C

8. World Series Victories
New York Yankees’
World Series Victories
1923, 1927, 1928, 1932, 1936, 1937, 1938, 1939, 1941, 1943, 1947, 1949, 1950, 1951, 1952, 1953, 1956, 1958, 1961, 1962, 1977, 1978, 1996, 1998, 1999, 2000, 2009

9. Home Run Totals (by Team)
2006 American League
Home Run Totals (by Team)
Baltimore
164
Boston
192
Chicago
236
Cleveland
196
Detroit
203
Kansas City
124

10. Temperatures
January
46.3
February
51.2
March
54.3
April
58.9
May
65.4
June
71.8

11. Quick way of remembering
Data Level
Examples
Definition
Nominal
Gender, Race, Political Party
Categorical data that cannot be ranked
Ordinal
Football Rankings
Data that can be ranked
Interval
Temperature, Dates
Data that has no inherent zero
Ratio
Height, Weight, Age, Length
Data that has an inherent zero
No Ordering Italian Rigatoni