1. Cardiovascular, Respiratory, & Smoking Notes

2. CARDIOVASCULAR SYSTEM

3. Cardiovascular System
Cardiovascular System- a transportation system that carries needed substances to cells and waste products away from cells.

4. Cardiovascular System
Functions
Transports nutrients to cells
Transports waste away from cells
Transports disease fighting white blood cells to areas of infection

5. Cardiovascular System--Structures
Heart
Made of 4 chambers
Upper chambers are called atria
Lower are called ventricles
Right side pumps blood to the lungs
Left side pumps blood to the body

6. Cardiovascular System--Structures
Heart
Heartbeats for kids bpm and adults average 72 bpm
Septum separates the right and left side
Pacemaker found in right atrium
Valves allow blood to flow in only one direction

7. Cardiovascular System--Structures
Heart
Bright red blood means it is high in oxygen
Dark red blood means it is low in oxygen
Coronary arteries carry blood to heart itself

8. Cardiovascular System--Structures
Arteries
Blood vessels that go away from heart
Your pulse is checked using one of several arterial sites

9. Cardiovascular System--Structures
Veins
Carry blood to the heart

10. Cardiovascular System--Structures
Capillaries
Connect veins and arteries together
Site of exchange of materials between the blood and our body cells

11. Cardiovascular System
Disease
Atherosclerosis- fat buildup on walls of arteries
Hypertension- high blood pressure
Hemophiliac- person who can’t control bleeding

12. Cardiovascular System--Atherosclerosis

13. Cardiovascular System
How to limit your risks of cardiovascular disease
Exercise
Diet
Avoid smoking

14. RESPIRATORY SYSTEM

15. The Respiratory System
I. The Respiratory system
A. Function - moves oxygen from the air into the body; removes carbon dioxide and water from the body

16. The Respiratory System
B. Why the body needs oxygen
1. Your cells cannot “burn” fuel without oxygen
2. Respiration:
(C6H12O6 + O2 ---> Energy + H2O + CO2)
a. oxygen (from lungs) + glucose (from food) undergo chemical reactions in the cell.
b. energy is released
c. produces carbon dioxide and water as waste

17. The Respiratory System
C. Path of air
1. The Nose
a. heats the air.
b. mucus
moistens the air
traps particles such as dust and bacteria
c. cilia (tiny hair-like extensions) sweep the mucus into the throat where it is swallowed, then destroyed by stomach acid

18. The Respiratory System
The Path of Air
2. The Pharynx (throat) connects the nose and mouth to the trachea
3. The Trachea (windpipe)
a. a tube with a series of ridges
b. lined with cilia and mucus
particles are trapped and swept up to the pharynx, where they are swallowed
irritation in the trachea causes coughing
c. if food blocks the trachea, choking occurs

19. The Path of Air

20. The Path of Air

21. The Respiratory System
The Path of Air
4. The Bronchi
a. split of the trachea that goes to a lung.
b. branches into bronchiole

23. The Respiratory System
The Path of Air
5. The Lungs
a. the main organs of the respiratory system
b. the bronchioles branch more and more in the lungs and end with alveoli (tiny air sacs)
resemble grapes
each alveolus is surrounded by capillaries; oxygen is picked up and exchanged for carbon dioxide here

25. SMOKING AND YOUR HEALTH

26. Smoking and Your Health
A. Chemicals in Tobacco Smoke
1. Tar – dark sticky substance formed when tobacco burns
2. Carbon monoxide - takes place of oxygen in red blood cells
3. Nicotine – addictive substance

27. Smoking and Your Health
B. Respiratory System Problems Caused by Smoking
1. Coughing
2. Bronchitis- inflammation of the lining of the bronchioles
3. Emphysema- alveoli deterioration
4. Lung Cancer- irregular and uncontrolled growth of
tumors in the lung tissue

28. Smoking and Your Health
C. Circulatory System Problems
1. Causes heart disease
2. Smokers are more than twice as likely to have heart attacks

29. Smoking and Your Health

30. Diagram Time! A= Nasal cavity (brown) B= Bronchi/Bronchus (red)
C= Bronchioles (blue)
D= Alveoli (green)
E= Epiglottis (orange)
AB= Trachea (purple)
AC= Lung (yellow)
AD= Diaphragm (pink)
Diagram Time!