1. Classical Oration
Argument

2. Introduction Introduces reader to the subject.
Draws reader in and piques interest
Establishes ethos

3. Narration Factual information and background on the subject
Establishes why the issue is a problem that needs addressing
Appeals to pathos because it evokes response about the importance of the issue

4. Confirmation The body of the text Development of the proof needed
Most specific detail
Appeals mostly to logos

5. Refutation
Acknowledges counterargument (and explains why main argument is better)
Bridge between proof and conclusion
(this can be used throughout writing or primarily at the end)

6. Conclusion Brings argument to a close, ties ideas together
Establishes the “so what” (what needs to be done)
Appeals to pathos