1. Anglo-Saxon and Norman England, c1060-88
Memory Recovery Exercise

2. Past,Present,Future @PPFadmin
2 Anglo-Saxon England was divided up into large areas called __________. Each of these were divided into ________and each of those were divided into ______.
1 In 1060, the King of England was _______the _____________
3 Each of the large areas was ruled on behalf of the king by ______.
Ern
4 Each area had many local lords to look after the many villages. These were called _________.
5 Most of the people in England in 1060 were ________farmers. 10% were ______and were owned by wealthier saxons
6 The most powerful family in England in 1060 was the ______________ who ruled several areas on behalf of the king
7 The _______ helped the king to make laws and they had the final say on the next king
9 Many Anglo-Saxon towns resembled fortresses and were called _______
8 Villagers could be called into military service as part of the ______

3. Past,Present,Future @PPFadmin
10 It is estimated that 10% of Saxons lived in _______
11 Trade could only take place in ________ such as Norwich and Lincoln.
12 _________was very important to the people of Saxon England
Ern
13 The _________ family were both a support and nuisance for the king in the 1060s.
14 Harold ________ was sent to Normandy in 1064 but was blown off course. He was captured by Count Guy of Ponthieu
15 _________, Duke of _________demanded Harold’s release.
16 After this, Harold allegedly made an _____ to help _______become the next king of England
18 In 1065, Harold’s brother _________faced an uprising in __________. Harold refused to help him
17 Upon his return, Harold helped the elderly _______ to rule England

4. Past,Present,Future @PPFadmin
19 In January Edward the Confessor died without an ______
20 Harold __________claimed that Edward had named him as his _____________.
21 The _______ agreed with Harold and he was crowned King of England
Ern
22 This news angered ________, _______of ______________ who claimed that Harold had swore an ________
23 Harald ____________the king of Norway said that as a _________, he had an ________ claim to the throne
24 An invasion army was put together in ______________but the weather prevented the __________ from crossing the channel.
25 Harald ____________ had no such problems in Norway and set sail for England in September 1066.
27 With news of an invasion in the north by the ___________, he decided to send his army north
26 Harold’s ______army was stationed on the south coast waiting for the arrival of ____________’s army

5. Past,Present,Future @PPFadmin
28 The Viking army had established a foothold in _________
30 Harold’s army regrouped and fought the Vikings again at the Battle of ________ ___________. This time they won
29 Parts of Harold’s army fought them at the battle of _____ __________ where they were defeated
Ern
31 While Harold’s ______ army were in the north, William’s Norman army had crossed the channel
32 They began to terrorise local villages on the south coast in order to provoke Harold into marching his ________army south to meet them
33 Harold hastily regrouped but he had lost many of his professional soldiers, the __________.He replaced them with soldiers from the ____
34 Harold stopped in London where the ________begged him to regroup his army fully before marching ________
36 William led his army onto the battlefield and the Battle of _________ began.
35 Harold insisted on leaving straight away and he marched his army to _________ Hill

6. Past,Present,Future @PPFadmin
37 The Norman _________tried to break the Saxon shield ____ with __________
38 After hours of this tactic, the Normans decided to use the ___________ _______________
39 The plan worked and the Saxon infantry came down from the hill where many were massacred by the Norman ___________
Ern
40 Harold was killed in the battle and his body was heavily _____________
41 William declared himself king but the Witan chose _________ Aethling, Edward’s __________
42 Realising that no one was going to approach him to offer him the _______, William decided to _____on London.
43 However, he did not head straight to London. He first headed to Winchester to meet with __________from Normandy
45 He was then crowned King of England on __________day.
44 He then marched to Berkhamstead where he received the ______________ of the _______

7. Past,Present,Future @PPFadmin
46 William rewarded his ________followers by granting them control of areas of the country
47 He also granted land to Saxons who had surrendered to him such as ________ and Morcar
48 He established the _________earldoms on the border with ______ as this was an area of potential problems
Ern
49 He also built a series of ________ and ___________ castles
50 In 1068 William faced his first _________ led by Edwin and _________
51 William defeated the rebellion but in 1069, _______Aethling led an attack against him.
52 In revenge, William ordered his men to destroy every farm in the north. This became known as the _________of the north
53 Then, in 1070 a Saxon Thegn called _________ the ______returned and vowed to recapture his lands
54 The Norman army defeated him at ____ but he was forgiven by William.

8. Past,Present,Future @PPFadmin
55 It was mostly peaceful after this until 1075 when the ________of the _____ took place
57 He also changed many other parts of the country in a process called _______________
56 William introduced the _______system to organise the people of England
Ern
58 This included changes to the ________led by Lanfranc
59 He also made changes to the law so that his _____were final throughout the entire country.
60 To check that he knew enough about his new country, in 1085 he ordered a census of the nation which became the __________Book.
61 When William died in 1088, it caused a ______________crisis as his 3 surviving sons argued over territory.
62 William named Robert as the next _______of Normandy
63 William named his favourite son William _____as the next king of England but he had to face uprisings from Robert and William’s half brother Bishop ____

9. Anglo-Saxon and Norman England, c1060-88
Memory Recovery Exercise Answers

10. Past,Present,Future @PPFadmin
2 Anglo-Saxon England was divided up into large areas called Earldoms. Each of these were divided into shires and each of those were divided into hundreds.
1 In 1060, the King of England was Edward the Confessor
3 Each of the large areas was ruled on behalf of the king by Earls.
Ern
4 Each area had many local lords to look after the many villages. These were called Thegns.
5 Most of the people in England in 1060 were peasant farmers. 10% were slaves and were owned by wealthier saxons
6 The most powerful family in England in 1060 was the Godwines who ruled several areas on behalf of the king
7 The Witan helped the king to make laws and they had the final say on the next king
9 Many Anglo-Saxon towns resembled fortresses and were called burhs.
8 Villagers could be called into military service as part of the Fyrd.

11. Past,Present,Future @PPFadmin
10 It is estimated that 10% of Saxons lived in towns
11 Trade could only take place in towns such as Norwich and Lincoln.
12 Religion was very important to the people of Saxon England
Ern
13 The Godwine family were both a support and nuisance for the king in the 1060s.
14 Harold Godwineson was sent to Normandy in 1064 but was blown off course. He was captured by Count Guy of Ponthieu
15 William, Duke of Normandy demanded Harold’s release.
16 After this, Harold allegedly made an oath to help William become the next king of England
18 In 1065, Harold’s brother Tostig faced an uprising in Northumbria. Harold refused to help him
17 Upon his return, Harold helped the elderly Edward to rule England

12. Past,Present,Future @PPFadmin
19 In January Edward the Confessor died without an heir.
20 Harold Godwineson claimed that Edward had named him as his successor.
21 The Witan agreed with Harold and he was crowned King of England
Ern
22 This news angered William, Duke of Normandy who claimed that Harold had swore an oath.
23 Harald Hardrada the king of Norway said that as a Viking, he had an ancestral claim to the throne
24 An invasion army was put together in Normandy but the weather prevented the Normans from crossing the channel.
25 Harald Hardrada had no such problems in Norway and set sail for England in September 1066.
27 With news of an invasion in the north by the Vikings, he decided to send his army north
26 Harold’s Saxon army was stationed on the south coast waiting for the arrival of William’s army

13. Past,Present,Future @PPFadmin
28 The Viking army had established a foothold in York.
30 Harold’s army regrouped and fought the Vikings again at the Battle of Stamford Bridge. This time they won
29 Parts of Harold’s army fought them at the battle of Gate Fulford where they were defeated
Ern
31 While Harold’s Saxon army were in the north, William’s Norman army had crossed the channel
32 They began to terrorise local villages on the south coast in order to provoke Harold into marching his Saxon army south to meet them
33 Harold hastily regrouped but he had lost many of his professional soldiers, the Huscarls.He replaced them with soldiers from the Fyrd
34 Harold stopped in London where the Witan begged him to regroup his army fully before marching south.
36 William led his army onto the battlefield and the Battle of Hastings began.
35 Harold insisted on leaving straight away and he marched his army to Senlac Hill

14. Past,Present,Future @PPFadmin
37 The Norman army tried to break the Saxon shield wall with cavalry.
38 After hours of this tactic, the Normans decided to use the Feigned Retreat
39 The plan worked and the Saxon infantry came down from the hill where many were massacred by the Norman cavalry.
Ern
40 Harold was killed in the battle and his body was heavily mutilated.
41 William declared himself king but the Witan chose Edgar Aethling, Edward’s nephew
42 Realising that no one was going to approach him to offer him the crown, William decided to march on London.
43 However, he did not head straight to London. He first headed to Winchester to meet with reinforcements from Normandy
45 He was then crowned King of England on Christmas day.
44 He then marched to Berkhamstead where he received the Submission of the Earls

15. Past,Present,Future @PPFadmin
46 William rewarded his Norman followers by granting them control of areas of the country
47 He also granted land to Saxons who had surrendered to him such as Edwin and Morcar
48 He established the Marcher earldoms on the border with Wales as this was an area of potential problems
Ern
49 He also built a series of Motte and Bailey castles
50 In 1068 William faced his first rebellion led by Edwin and Morcar.
51 William defeated the rebellion but in 1069, Edgar Aethling led an attack against him.
52 In revenge, William ordered his men to destroy every farm in the north. This became known as the Harrying of the north
53 Then, in 1070 a Saxon Thegn called Hereward the Wake returned and vowed to recapture his lands
54 The Norman army defeated him at Ely but he was forgiven by William.

16. Past,Present,Future @PPFadmin
55 It was mostly peaceful after this until 1075 when the Revolt of the Earls took place
57 He also changed many other parts of the country in a process called Normanisation.
56 William introduced the Feudal System to organise the people of England
Ern
58 This included changes to the church led by Lanfranc
59 He also made changes to the law so that his laws were final throughout the entire country.
60 To check that he knew enough about his new country, in 1085 he ordered a census of the nation which became the Domesday Book.
61 When William died in 1088, it caused a succession crisis as his 3 surviving sons argued over territory.
62 William named Robert as the next Duke of Normandy
63 William named his favourite son William Rufus as the next king of England but he had to face uprisings from Robert and William’s half brother Bishop Odo