1. Matter is RECYCLED within or between ecosystems
3.3 CYCLES OF MATTER
Matter is RECYCLED within or between ecosystems
Why is it Recycled?
Biological systems do not use up matter they transform it.

2. I. Biogeochemical Cycles
The paths (cycles) where Elements, compounds, and other forms of matter are passed from one organism to another and from one part of the biosphere to another.
Bio:
Geo:
Chemical:
Did you ever wonder if the oxygen molecules that we breathe may have been inhaled by the dinosaurs?
Life
Earth (biosphere)
-elements or compounds

3. A review of the water cycle

5. It's all about Carbon-NPR

6. II. CARBON (C) Decomposing organisms put carbon in the ground –
Carbon is the building block for the matter that makes up the bodies of living things.
Decomposing organisms put carbon in the ground –
Which over time turn into Fossil Fuels (coal, petroleum)
Carbon is also found in the atmosphere as carbon dioxide gas.
From Volcanoes, Respiration (Breathing), Burning Fossil Fuels

7. Photosynthesis & Cell Respiration
D. How autotrophs and heterotrophs affect the Carbon cycle:
Photosynthesis & Cell Respiration
Most autotrophs
Takes in CO2
Gives off O2
Process that makes food/carbohydrates from Carbon and water using energy from sun.
Plants and animals
Takes in O2
Gives off CO2
Process that changes food (made by autotrophs or consumed by heterotrophs) into energy.

8. Volcanic activity erosion uplift Fossil fuel photosynthesis feeding
respiration
erosion
respiration
decomposition
Human activity
uplift
deposition
photosynthesis
feeding
Fossil fuel
deposition

10. Carbon Cycle and Global Warming - YouTube

12. Why is nitrogen necessary?
III. NITROGEN (N)
Chemical element that is found in ALL living things and makes up 78% of the atmosphere
Why is nitrogen necessary?
Makes up amino acids which are the building blocks of protein.
Makes part of DNA.
Plants need it to make chlorophyll for photosynthesis.

13. C. How do organisms get it?
Heterotrophs get nitrogen from their food
Autotrophs get nitrogen from soil/water.

14. D. Forms of Nitrogen Free Nitrogen = Nitrogen gas=N2
free nitrogen CANNOT be used by most organisms.
Harmless to most organisms
Fixed Nitrogen = Nitrogen containing compounds
fixed nitrogen is USED by organisms
Forms of fixed Nitrogen
nitrites (NO3- )
nitrates (NO2-)
ammonia (NH3)

15. E. Nitrogen Fixation
The process of changing free nitrogen gas-N2, into usable forms of Nitrogen.
Some organisms ‘Fix’ the N2 gas for us so that our cells can use it:
Nitrogen fixating bacteria live on nodules found on roots of legumes.
Examples of Legumes: beans, peas, alfalfa, peanuts, clover
b) Lightning also fixes nitrogen in the atmosphere.

17. F. Denitrification
Process of changing fixed Nitrogen compounds into free nitrogen gas (N2)
Denitrifying bacteria(decomposers) break down Nitrogen compounds in dead organic matter and put N2 into atmosphere.

19. Nitrogen Cycle ,Nitrogen Fixation - Explanation in animation – YouTube

20. IV. Phosphorus (P) Cycle
Phosphorus is in DNA and RNA
Comes from rocks & fertilizers
Not Common in Biosphere
Does NOT enter Atmosphere

21. 2. Moves through the
FOOD CHAIN
Back into ground
once an organism
decomposes

22. V. Limiting Nutrient
When an ecosystem is limited by a single nutrient that is scarce or cycles very slowly
Farmers often add fertilizer containing 3 important nutrients; N, P and Potassium (K), because of possible limits in the availability of each in the soil.

23. C. Examples of Limiting Nutrients:
Nitrogen is often the limiting nutrient in some ocean communities because it contains only % of the N that is available on land.
Phosphorus is often the limiting nutrient in some streams, lakes and freshwater.