1. Manifest Destiny

2. Elements of Manifest Destiny
The US should expand across the continent…DESTINED to expand from the EAST to the WEST…from the Atlantic to the Pacific…
EARLY EXAMPLES:
Louisiana Purchase
Lewis and Clark
Mountain Men
War of 1812
Westward Migration
Why? Religion (Mormons), wanting land,
$$$$, and a new life or new start

3. Manifest Destiny
US should expand across the continent…from the EAST to the WEST…from the Atlantic to the Pacific
Lure of the West
OREGON TRAIL
SANTA FE TRAIL
MORMON TRAIL

4. WESTWARD HO! Oregon Trail Independence, Missouri to Portland, Oregon
Settlers go WEST in mass =
MANIFEST DESTINY

5. TRAILS WEST…
CONESTOGA
WAGONS

6. MOUNTAIN MEN AND TRADERS OPENED THE TRAILS
KIT CARSON AND JIM BRIDGER WERE MOUNTAIN MEN
FARMERS WANT LAND
MORMONS WANT FREEDOM OF RELIGION – SMITH AND YOUNG LEAD THEM TO SALT LAKE CITY, UTAH
DOWNSIDE OF SETTLERS…NATIVE AMERICANS ARE THE LOSERS

7. Western Lands
Indian Removal – Started with Jackson’s Indian Removal Act (1830)– moving Indians West (Trail of Tears)
Continued with moving Native Americans to reservations
Laramie Treaty, Tribal lands were set aside…Safe passage for setters and $$ and supplies for the Indians…broken as by settlers moving onto tribal lands
NOT A GOOD SIGN FOR
THE NATIVE
AMERICANS!

8. Mormons
Christian religious group founded in 1820s by Joseph Smith during the 2nd Great Awakening (Latter Day Saint Movement)
Smith was killed by a mob
Did not like his beliefs…such as the Additional Doctrine (Book of Mormon) shown to him by angels in a vision…and the belief in polygamy (disallowed by the end of the 1800s)
WESTWARD HO! Brigham Young led the Mormons west in 1847…Salt Lake City, UTAH

9. FARMING IN THE MIDWEST…
GOVERNMENT OWNED LAND
NEW INVENTIONS…
JOHN DEERE = STEEL PLOW
CYRUS MCCORMICK=MECHANICAL REAPER

10. Texas
Immigrants from U.S. moved into Mexican Texas – Mexicans worry that they are taking over…
Must…Speak Spanish, Become Catholic, No slaves, and no new immigrants
Stephen F. Austin led the settlers and then the revolt with the help of Sam Houston

11. Texas
Why Rebellion? 1) Too many Texans 2) Speak Spanish/Become Catholic ) pay taxes on American goods 4) No new immigrants 4) No slaves
First Battle (1835)… Gonzales…the Texans scared them off…
Sam Houston leads the Texans
Battle of the Alamo and Goliad, 1836…Texans Massacred
BUT DON’T WORRY THEY COME BACK AND WIN…
Texans defeat Mexican Santa Anna at San Jacinto… independent

12. The Lone Star Republic 1836 First President = Sam Houston
ISSUE OF SLAVERY
SLOWS THE
ANNEXATION OF
TEXAS BY THE US…

13. JAMES K. POLK THE EXPANSIONIST
“54-40 or Fight” – Oregon
James K. Polk’s campaign slogan…set the compromise for Oregon at the 49th parallel by 1848…
US vs. Britain
MANIFEST DESTINY!!!!

14. Mexican War…
Andrew Jackson would not do it but James K. Polk would…Texas finally annexed in 1845 (Issue of slavery slowed expansion…)
Border dispute arises with Mexico – Rio Grande v. Nueces…President Polk sends troops - border skirmish/blood spilt…MEXICAN WAR
General Zachary Taylor – to the Rio Grande and attack from the North
General Winfield Scott – by boat/Gulf of Mexico to Mexico City, attacking from the South
Kearny and Fremont – to California (Bear Flag Revolt)

15. Mexican War
Mexico defeated
(Rio Grande and don’t forget that the people of California were waiting for the US Army…Bear Flag Revolt…)
TREATY of GUADALUPE HIDALGO…Mexican Cession of lands in the west 1848
California, Nevada, NM, Arizona, Utah, Colorado, Wyoming

16. Mexican War
Cartoon – Zachary Taylor (he took troops across the Rio Grande to attack Mexico from the North…War Hero…sitting on the dead from the Mexican War…He later becomes President

17. California Gold Rush 1849 Sutter’s Mill Gold is found (1848) Settlers to the MAX!!!!

18. MANIFEST DESTINY IS COMPLETE WITH THE GADSDEN PURCHASE (Southerners in Congress were hoping for a railroad would be built here…)
*US paid Mexico $10 million