1. Mr. Knight HARRIS ROAD MIDDLE SCHOOL
Introduction
Mr. Knight
HARRIS ROAD MIDDLE SCHOOL

2. A. War Costs B. Human Costs
US Debt $9 billion US Debt $98 billion
The war cost $330 billion times the cost of WWI & as much as all previous federal spending since 1776
B. Human Costs
60 million+ people died (>3 x’s WWI)
Over 20 million Russians (7.7 million civilians)
11 million died as a result of the HOLOCAUST (6 million Jews + 5 million others)

3. THE COST OF WORLD WAR II
B. Human Costs

4. When?
US involvement
1939
1941
1945
Sept.1 - Germany invades Poland (official start to the war)
Sept. 3 -Britain & France declare war on Germany
Dec. 7 – Japan bombs Pearl Harbor; US enters the War
May - Germans Surrender
Sept. - Atomic Bombing of Hiroshima & Nagasaki, Japanese Surrender

5. Who? **know the countries on both sides
Allies
Axis
(major powers)
(major powers)
Great Britain
Germany
Russia
Italy
United States
Japan
France
(note: France surrendered to Germany in 1940 (after 6 weeks of fighting)

6. Major Leaders
Adolf Hitler
Nazi Germany
Benito Mussolini
Italy

7. British Prime Minister
Major Leaders
Hirohito
Emperor of Japan
Winston Churchill
British Prime Minister

8. Franklin Delano Roosevelt
Major Leaders
Joseph Stalin
Russian Leader
Franklin Delano Roosevelt
US President

9. Why? (underlying causes of WWII)
1. Treaty of Versailles
A. Germany lost land to surrounding nations
B. War Reparations
1) Allies collect $ to pay back war debts to U.S.
2) Germany must pay RIDICULOUSLY high amount
3) Bankrupted the German economy & embarrassed Germans
Lloyd George, Georges Clemenceau, and Woodrow Wilson during negotiations for the Treaty

10. Why? (underlying causes of WWII)
2. World-wide Depression
A. The Depression made Germany’s debt even worse
B. Desperate people turn to desperate leaders
1) Hitler seemed to provide solutions to Germany’s problems

11. Why? (underlying causes of WWII)
2. World-wide Depression
2) Hitler provided scapegoats for Germany’s problems (foreigners, Jews, communists, Roma (Gypsies), mentally ill, homosexuals)
3) Kristallnacht - vandalism & destruction of Jewish property & synagogues

12. Why? Rise of Totalitarian Regimes – know all 3!
A. In a Totalitarian country, individual rights are not viewed as important as the needs of the nation
Communist Dictatorship (USSR)
Fascist Dictatorship (Germany, Italy)
Fascism: military government with based on racism & nationalism with strong support from the business community
Totalitarianism
Military Dictatorship (Japan)

13. Why? 4. Isolationism of Major Powers A. Why was the U.S. Isolationist?
1. Great Depression (problems at home)
2. Perceptions of WWI
a. WWI did not seem to solve much
b. People began to think that we’d got into WWI for the wrong reasons (greedy American businessmen!)

14. Why? 4. Isolationism of Major Powers
B. This led to policies of “Appeasement”
1. Appeasement: give dictators what they want and hope that they won’t want anything else
2. Begins with Japanese invasion of Manchuria, Italian invasion of Ethiopia, and continues with Hitler .

15. How Did Hitler Make War? Blitzkrieg “Lightning War”
In the next year, Hitler invades:
Denmark
Norway
The Netherlands,
France
Hitler in Paris

16. Nazis in Control 1933 – Nazis took control of German government
Hitler ruled as a dictator, an all-powerful ruler.
Rebuilt Germany’s economy by preparing for another war.
Built tanks, guns and other war supplies
Wanted to Rule the World

17. US Assistance Lend-Lease - 1939
US “lent” war materials to cash-strapped Great Britain
Atlantic Charter
US secretly meets with England to commit to defeating Germany
London Firefighter Tackles an Air Raid Blaze

18. Meanwhile … in the Pacific
Pearl Harbor: “a date which will live in infamy”
What?
Surprise attack by the Japanese on American forces in Pearl Harbor, Hawaii
USS Arizona Sinking in Pearl Harbor
Effect?
US declares war on Japan & other Axis powers

19. U.S. Enters the War
December 7, 1941, Japanese planes attacked Pearl Harbor in the Hawaiian Islands.
Dropped bombs on American ships at the Pearl Harbor naval base.
In less than two hours, Japan had destroyed most of the U.S. Pacific fleet.
More than 2,000 sailors killed

20. Declaration of War
Day after the attack at Pearl Harbor, President Roosevelt asked Congress to declare war on Japan
Congress declared war that same day.
Italy and Germany, Japan’s allies, declared war on the U.S. three days later.

21. Problems for Japanese Americans
Some military leaders distrusted Japanese Americans
Were afraid they would help the “enemy”
Roosevelt ordered 110,000 Japanese Americans into relocation camps, known as “internment” camps.
Like prisons, fenced in with barbed wire
Soldiers guarded the camps with guns
Had to sell their homes, businesses, and belongings.