1. The Thematic strategy and the possible measures of action
Clean Air for Europe
The Thematic strategy and
the possible measures of action
CAFE SG May 2004
André Zuber and Matti Vainio, DG Environment

2. TS and possible measures
1 Simplification and streamlining of reporting
Better regulation and better use of information collected
Better guidance for monitoring and reporting
Using more modern methods of reporting via internet
”Harmonisation” of the requirements of AQ and emission data. Also harmonisation visavi other areas.

3. TS and possible measures
2 Review and revision of the AQ directives
Draft review report by the CAFE WG on Implementation. Draft communication from COM
Possibility to revise the limit values or applicability
Guidance/regulation/harmonisation on monitoring, assessment and reporting as well as air quality management

4. TS and possible measures
3 Revision of the NEC directive
NEC directive: Review in 2004 and 2006
Proposal for revised NEC in 2006
November 2004 – deadline for MS to submit revised energy baselines for NEC revision, new information on technologies
November final stakeholder consultations
New ceilings, wider scope of sectors and new pollutants

5. TS and possible measures
4 Review of the Large Combustion Plant directive
Consultant contract preparing for review
Links with CC policies
Cost-effectiveness and comparison with other sectors
Widening of scope of the directive and new standards

6. TS and possible measures
5 Reduction of air pollution from small combustion installations
Complex area, many sources in various applications
Fuel substitution coal and peat to gas, economic incentives
Widening of other directives, LCP
New emission standards and a single market
Inspection and maintenance
Bans and restriction of use

7. TS and possible measures
6 VOC stage II
Good experience in many MS
Should be considered as an option for further reduction of VOCs
Effectiveness and costs needs to be considered as well

8. TS and possible measures
7 Reduction of ammonia from agriculture
Agriculture a major contributor but only some installations under regulation (IPPC)
Links with the Common Agriculture Policy (Demand and rural development)
Scope for linking of environmental objectives and CAP–cross compliance

9. TS and possible measures
8 Reduction of air pollution from new passenger and light duty vehicles
New emission limit values (EURO 5), emission reductions of NOx, PM
Considering new metrics of emissions (particle number)
Control of presently unregulated substances
Revise test cycles and procedures
Increased durability improved control of defeat devices
EEV reviewing the scope for further improvements

10. TS and possible measures
9 Reduction of air pollution from new HDV
New emission limit values (EURO 6), emission reductions of NOx, PM
Considering new metrics of emissions (particle number)
Revised test cycles (WHDC) and procedures
Increased durability and in-use compliance
EEV reviewing the scope for further improvements

11. TS and possible measures
10 Review of directive on quality of vehicle fuels
Links with performance of vehicles
¨Low sulphur” fuels
Additives in fuels
Issue of biofuels and air quality
Off-road sector emission (tractors and alike) emissions

12. TS and possible measures
11 Reduction of air pollution from existing vehicles
Improved requirements and enforcement for inspection and maintenance
Scrapping schemes
Retrofitting for HDV
Guidance on traffic restriction to meet AQ objectives

13. TS and possible measures
12 Further reduction of air emission from shipping
Already in proposal from CION to reduce sulphur emissions in certain sea areas (S in fuel)
Possibility to include in revised NEC directive
Regulate NOx emission from EU flagged ships
Action to reduce emissions in harbors
Market-based instruments to reduce emissions

14. TS and possible measures
13 Reduction of emission from aviation through charges
Recent study by EMEP show that the emissions in Non-LTO (Landing and take-off) contribute to ground level ozone.
Economic instruments such as air port charges and inflight charging, to ensure fair competition

15. TS and possible measures
14 Reduction of emission from road transport
Eurovignette
Infrastructure charging to avoid environmental impact and congestion and to internalise externalities
Charging to be extended to include all roads, also in urban areas, in order to achieve AQ objectives

16. TS and possible measures
Points for discussions
Any comments on the measures to be considered?
What policies should be considered in addition?
What is your view on Community action and subsidiarity? How should that be considered in the TS?

17. Overview Issues Measures
Environmental issue/
Measure
Health effects (PM, ozone, NO2, VOCs, SO2)
Acidification (SO2, NOx, NH3)
Tropospheric ozone (NOx, VOCs)
Eutro-phication (NOx, NH3)
1. Simplification and streamlining reporting obligations x
2. Revision of air quality directives, limit values and monitoring requirements and reporting ++ +
3. Revision of National Emissions Ceilings Directive
4. Review of the Large Combustion Plant directive
5. Reduction of air pollution from small combustion installations
6. Further reductions of emissions of VOCs from refuelling operations at service stations (“Stage II”)
7. Reduction of ammonia emissions as part of agricultural reform
8. Reduction of air pollution from new passenger cars and light commercial vehicles
9. Reduction of air pollution from new heavy duty vehicles
10. Review of directive on quality of petrol and diesel fuels (98/70/EC)
11. Reduction of air pollution from existing vehicles
12. Further reduction of atmospheric emissions from ships
13. Reduction of atmospheric emissions from aviation through environmentally-related charges
14. Reducing air pollution with infrastructure charging from road transport