1. Visual Aids to Navigation
How we can use them fully
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Sailcork –navnotes c

2. Old Head of Kinsale
Sailcork – navnotes c
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3. Fastnet Rock
Sailcork – navnotes c
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4. Roche’s Point
Sailcork – navnotes c
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5. Nominal Range 4 flashes Every 15 seconds 37 metres above MHWS
Range of 28 M
Sailcork – navnotes c
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6. Light Characteristics
Oc Occulting – more light than dark
Fl Single flashing
Fl(3) Group flashing
F Fixed-on always
Iso –Isophase –equal light and dark
Sailcork – navnotes c
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7. Lizard Point
Sailcork – navnotes c
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8. Lizard – Navigators view
Sailcork – navnotes c
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9. Sectored Light White and Red fl White 18 M Red 14 M
Shows areas to be avoided in red sector
Sailcork – navnotes c
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10. Leading Lights Lights should be lined up (kept in transit)
May be day marks also
In this case they will be in line if we head 038 T
Sailcork – navnotes c
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11. Directional Lights Stay in white sector to remain in channel
See white and green alternatively and remain on stb side of channel
Sailcork – navnotes c
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12. Visual aids to nav - buoyage
Sailcork – navnotes c
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13. International Association of Lighthouse Authorities- IALA
1970 –92 different buoyage systems
Now – Region A and B
A – red to port
Sailcork – navnotes c
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14. Lateral Marks Red can to port – red light
Green cone to starboard- green light
If striped it means “preferred” channel
Sailcork – navnotes c
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15. Lateral buoys Main channel on the straboard fork
“Preferred” channel to port
Secondary channel on port fork
Sailcork – navnotes c
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16. Lateral buoys on coast Direction of buoyage for Ireland and UK
Usually in direction for flood tide
Red to port going east from Cork
Sailcork – navnotes c
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17. Cardinal Marks-North Lies to the north of a danger
Cones point “up” north
Black on top – yellow on bottom
Continious flashing white
Sailcork – navnotes c
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18. Cardinal Marks - South Lies to south of danger
Cones point “down south”
Black on bottom
6 quick white + 1 lfl
Sailcork – navnotes c
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19. Cardinal Marks - East Lies to east of danger
Diamonds come from the east
Black on top and at bottom
3 flashes
Sailcork – navnotes c
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20. Cardinal Marks - West Lies to West of danger
W for West and W fro wineglass
Black in middle
9 flashes
Sailcork – navnotes c
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21. Cardinal Marks
Sailcork – navnotes c
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22. Isolated Danger On top of danger Red and black
Two black spheres Two white flashes
Sailcork – navnotes c
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23. Safe Water Mark Harbour entrance Fairway bouy Red and white One sphere
One flash
Cork Bouy
Sailcork – navnotes c
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24. Special Marks Marks- swimming area, mooring, fish farm, sewer
Yellow with X on top
Yellow light
Sailcork – navnotes c
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25. Emergency Wreck Marking Buoy
Maintained in position only until appropriate Lateral or Cardinal buoys can be deployed.
Blue and yellow fl light
Sailcork – navnotes c
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26. Other Marks Isolated Danger Safe Water Special Wreck
Sailcork – navnotes c
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27. Lateral and IALA buoys
Sailcork – navnotes c
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28. Lateral + IALA buoys
Sailcork – navnotes c
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