1. Final exam-120 multiple choice-120 marks
from vitamins to end of course
-4 short answer questions-15 points each for a total of 60 points
covers whole course
-3 hours- 180 marks
PLEASE SEE EXAM REGULATIONS
ON: faculty.cbu.ca/ebarre

2. Beta carotene-fat soluble
Lecture 10a- 21 March 2019
This lecture is based largely on Chapter 7, 12, 14, 15,16 in Understanding Normal and Clinical Nutrition by Rolfes et al.

3. Outline
Water
    -role in metabolism
    -role in metabolic regulation

4. Outline of lecture 10
Nutrition metabolism throughout the life cycle
    Pregnancy and Lactation
    Infancy
    Early Childhood
    Adolescence
    Adulthood

5. More Detailed Comments
Water
   -role in metabolism
    -carries nutrients and waste products throughout the body
     -maintains structure of large molecules like proteins and glycogen
   

6. Water
  -role in metabolism
       -participates in metabolic reactions- eg hydrolysis (eg protein catabolism), or product of metabolism (metabolic sink)(eg when hydrogen joins with oxygen as part of electron transport chain processes)
       -solvent (provides medium for reactions)
       -regulation of body temperature
       -maintains blood volume

7. Water
-class exercise
  -explain each role in metabolic regulation
       

8. Break

9. Nutrition metabolism throughout the life cycle
    Pregnancy and Lactation
       Pregnancy
            foetal growth and development
                    -folate supplementation
                                    -prevent neural tube defects
                                    -one month before conception- why?
                                   

10. Nutrition metabolism throughout the life cycle Pregnancy and Lactation
            foetal growth and development
folate supplementation
                         -0.8 to 4 mg supplements
                                    -if have had previous neural tube baby then 4 mg supplements may be recommended - require a prescription as high folate intake may mask pernicious anemia of a vitamin  B12 deficiency

11. Nutrition metabolism throughout the life cycle
    Pregnancy and Lactation
       Pregnancy
           critical periods
    -maternal anemia during critical growth period of placental growth alters pattern of blood vessel growth which may affect cardiovascular health of infant
                      

12. Nutrition metabolism throughout the life cycle
    Pregnancy and Lactation
       Pregnancy
           critical periods
        -infant beta cell development-poor maternal nutrition during critical period of  beta cell development (12 weeks gestation to 5 months post delivery) may cause diabetes particularly if person eats in overabundance in later life

13. Nutrition metabolism throughout the life cycle
    Pregnancy and Lactation
       Pregnancy
             weight prior to conception-underweight mother
                   -underweight mother leads to greater chance of a low birthweight infant especially if mother is unable to gain sufficient weight during the pregnancy
                                                           

14. Nutrition metabolism throughout the life cycle
    Pregnancy and Lactation
       Pregnancy
             weight prior to conception-underweight mother
                   -as well rates of preterm births and infant deaths are higher for underweight women
                                                                                             

15. Nutrition metabolism throughout the life cycle
    Pregnancy and Lactation
       Pregnancy
             weight prior to conception-overweight mother
                   overweight mother leads to greater chance of her experiencing gestational diabetes, hypertension and post-partum infections and of having a stillborn and/or other labour and delivery complications
                            
                                                           

16. Nutrition metabolism throughout the life cycle
    Pregnancy and Lactation
       Pregnancy
             weight prior to conception-overweight mother
                   -as well infants tend to be larger and have greater risk of poor health(including neural tube defects) and death than do normal weight infants
                    -never try to lose weight during pregnancy- lose appropriately pre- conception or post-delivery
                            
                                                           

17. Nutrition metabolism throughout the life cycle
    Pregnancy and Lactation
       Pregnancy
            weight gain during pregnancy
                  underweight                 28-40 lbs
                  correct weight              25-35 lbs
                  overweight                    15-25 lbs
     obese            lbs minimum
                            
                                                           

18. Nutrition metabolism throughout the life cycle
    Pregnancy and Lactation
       Pregnancy
            energy and nutrient needs during pregnancy
                  energy
                      add 100 kcal per day  trimester 1
                      add 300 kcal per trimesters 2 and 3
                       pregnant teenagers, underweight and physically active women may require more
                            
                                                           

19. Nutrition metabolism throughout the life cycle
    Pregnancy and Lactation
       Pregnancy
            energy and nutrient needs during pregnancy
nutrient needs
                        fig 14-10
                            
                                                           

20. Figure 14.10: Comparison of Nutrient Recommendations for Nonpregnant, Pregnant, and Lactating Women.
For actual values, turn to the table on the inside front cover.
Fig , p. 489

21. Nutrition metabolism throughout the life cycle
    Pregnancy and Lactation
       Pregnancy
            energy and nutrient needs during pregnancy
nutrient needs
                       carbohydate- ideally 250 or more grams per day and no less than 100 grams per day
                            
                                                           

22. Nutrition metabolism throughout the life cycle
    Pregnancy and Lactation
       Pregnancy
            energy and nutrient needs during pregnancy
nutrient needs
                       protein
                            add 5 grams per day  trimester 1
                            add 20 grams per day trimester 2
                            add 25 grams per day trimester 3
                           
                            
                                                           

23. Nutrition metabolism throughout the life cycle
    Pregnancy and Lactation
       Pregnancy
            energy and nutrient needs during pregnancy
nutrient needs
                       protein
                            most people have enough protein to begin with  in their diet to meet these protein requirements
                           
                            
                                                           

24. Nutrition metabolism throughout the life cycle
    Pregnancy and Lactation
       Pregnancy
            energy and nutrient needs during pregnancy
nutrient needs
                       protein
                            do NOT use high protein supplements during pregnancy-chance of low birthweights, pre-term births and still borns
                           
                            
                                                           

25. Nutrition metabolism throughout the life cycle Pregnancy and Lactation
            energy and nutrient needs during pregnancy
nutrient needs
                       essential fatty acids
                          linoleic and alpha-linolenic- brain growth and development, visual acuity
                            fish oil supplements are not recommended -possibility of toxins and effect on pregnancy is not known
                           
                            
                                                           

26. Nutrition metabolism throughout the life cycle
    Pregnancy and Lactation
       Pregnancy
            energy and nutrient needs during pregnancy
nutrient needs
                          -folate, B12, iron and zinc as well as vitamin D and calcium require particular attention
                           
                            
                                                           

27. Nutrition metabolism throughout the life cycle
    Pregnancy and Lactation
       Pregnancy
            
common nutrition related concerns of pregnancy
                    -nausea, constipation, haemorrhoids, heartburn, food cravings and aversions, non food-cravings (pica)
                           
                            
                                                           

28. Nutrition metabolism throughout the life cycle Pregnancy and Lactation
            
malnutrition and pregnancy
                    -malnutrition can lead to reduced fertility for males and females
                    -malnutrition prior to pregnancy- prevent placenta from developing properly with subsequent potential for physical and cognitive abnormalities on the part of  the infant
                           
                            
                                                           

29. Nutrition metabolism throughout the life cycle Pregnancy and Lactation
            
infants birthweight
                    -low- premature-can catch up -have easier time catching up in growth development if  their post-delivery nutrition is good
                            -less than gestational age- have tougher time catching up in growth development even if their post-delivery nutrition is good
                           
                            
                                                           

30. Nutrition metabolism throughout the life cycle Pregnancy and Lactation
            
mothers age
                            -adolescence- immaturity may lead to poor food choices with subsequent foetal risk
                                               
-weight gain of lbs for normal weight female
           
                           
                            
                                                           

31. Nutrition metabolism throughout the life cycle Pregnancy and Lactation
            
practices incompatible with pregnancy
alcohol and herbal supplements and nutraceuticals
                           
                            
                                                           

32. Break