1. Objective: To examine the causes and effects of the War of 1812.
Do Now: What were the major reasons that the United States declared war on Great Britain in 1812?
8th grade Social Studies

2. War of 1812 Causes discussed already
Neutrality issues
Foreign Policy of America, Great Britain, France
Isolationism: Chesapeake vs. Leopard
The Jay Treaty
XYZ Affair
Impressment: violation of U.S. sea rights.
Piracy
Jefferson’s Embargo

3. Additional causes of the War of 1812 Instigation of Indians
British General Brock Meets with Tecumseh

4. Tenskwatawa, also known as “The Prophet”
The Prophet and Tecumseh Tenskwatawa, also known as “The Prophet”, believed that in order to survive, Native Americans had to give up white ways of life.
Tenskwatawa, also
known as
“The Prophet”

5. The Prophet and Tecumseh Tecumseh unified many tribes behind the message of the Prophet, who was his older brother.
Chief Tecumseh of the Shawnee tribe

6. In 1808, the Prophet built a village for his followers in Tippecanoe, Indiana.

7. Showdown at Tippecanoe
In 1811, fearful of the growing
strength of the Prophet and
Tecumseh, Governor William
Henry Harrison led 1,000 troops
against them in the
Battle of Tippecanoe.
William Henry Harrison, Territorial Governor of Indiana

8. The battle was viewed by Americans as a major victory, even though it was unclear which side actually won.

9. Question: Are you a Hawk, or a Dove
Question: Are you a Hawk, or a Dove? or… You are a Hawk if you want war with England and a Dove if you do not want war…
Break up into sides and discuss reasons of why you support your stand…remember no arguing with the other side at this time…

10. Congress declares war on Britain on July 17, 1812

11. Washington, D.C is Attacked
The city was completely unprepared for the invaders, but one woman took immediate action. Even as people were fleeing the city in droves, First Lady Dolley Madison refused to leave without some of the nation's most important treasures-including the famous Gilbert Stuart portrait of George Washington.
In 1814, the British set Washington, D.C. on fire, including the White House.

12. The Star-Spangled Banner
The British attacked Fort McHenry at Baltimore.
Francis Scott Key watched the battle from a British ship, where he was trying to convince the British to release an American prisoner.

13. When the smoke cleared, “our flag was still there”.
In response, Key wrote the poem “Defence of Fort M'Henry”, which later was put to music and renamed “The Star-Spangled Banner”.

14. The Star-Spangled Banner, written in Francis Scott Key’s own handwriting. (1840)

15. Bombshells that exploded into deadly fragments were Britain's most formidable weapon against Fort McHenry. Seamen launched the bombs from ships known as bomb vessels using mortars with a range of about 2.5 mi. (4 km).

16. The Old Defenders, veterans of the Battle of Baltimore, marched in parades in Baltimore on Sept. 12, Defenders' Day, for the rest of their lives. These Old Defenders were photographed in 1880.

17. The original Star-Spangled Banner The Smithsonian’s National Museum of American History, Washington, D.C.

18. Immediate outcomes of War of 1812 Impact on Foreign Policy
Inspiration for writing of Star Spangled Banner
Native American tribes in Midwest lost their ally, Britain; quickens westward expansion
American manufacturing began to accelerate especially in New England when cut off from European imports.
Weakening of Federalist Party which opposed the war
New national war heroes in Andrew Jackson and William Henry Harrison
Impact on Foreign Policy
War reinforced the American belief that a policy of neutrality regarding European affairs was justified
U.S. national interests lead to diplomacy
Settled the border between with Canada
Led to acquisition of Florida from Spain
Settled southern boundary of Louisiana purchase
New National self-confidence leads to Monroe
Doctrine of 1823 that becomes foundation of US foreign policy in the Western Hemisphere

19. The Star-Spangled Banner
Oh, say, can you see, by the dawn's early light, What so proudly we hail'd at the twilight's last gleaming? Whose broad stripes and bright stars, thro' the perilous fight, O'er the ramparts we watch'd, were so gallantly streaming? And the rockets' red glare, the bombs bursting in air, Gave proof thro' the night that our flag was still there. O say, does that star-spangled banner yet wave O'er the land of the free and the home of the brave?

20. Treaty of Ghent
While it ended the war, the treaty did not resolve any of the problems between Britain and the U.S.

21. Battle of New Orleans
Led by Gen. Andrew Jackson, the U.S. defeated the British two weeks after the Treaty of Ghent was signed.
Casualties: Britain – 2,030; U.S. – 7

22. Battle of New Orleans: Eyewitness Accounts
“Such a destruction of men, for the time it lasted, was never before witnessed” - American Engineer Major Tatum Howell

23. "Prompted by curiosity, I mounted my horse and rode to the front; but of all the sights I ever witnessed, that which met me there was beyond comparison the most shocking and the most humiliating. Within the narrow compass of a few hundred yards, were gathered together nearly a thousand bodies, all of them arrayed in British uniforms.”
"Not a single American was among them; all were English; and they were thrown by dozens into shallow holes, scarcely deep enough to furnish them with a slight covering of earth. Nor was this all. An American officer stood by smoking a cigar, and apparently counting the slain with a look of savage exultation; and repeating over and over to each individual that approached him, that their loss amounted only to eight men killed, and fourteen wounded.“
- British Captain George Gleig

24. The Importance of the Battle of New Orleans in American history.
The headlines that you see in the newspapers when word of this thing reaches are just...they're trying to figure out how to put enough exclamation points, and the whole country just erupts with pride. It's hard to overestimate the importance of the battle in American history. It secured the Louisiana Purchase. In terms of American nationalism, it gave people a sense - you know, the outcome of this battle and the outcome of the war has been called a second American Revolution, a kind of a feeling of having decisively defeated the former Mother country. It set the stage for the march across the continent and what became Manifest Destiny - the notion that somehow America was destined to extend from the Atlantic to the Pacific.

25. - Jon Kukla, American Historian
It propelled [General Andrew] Jackson into politics. You know, General Washington was our first President. General Eisenhower was a President. Jackson is another one of our notable military figures who goes on to capture the White House. In newspapers throughout the country, as late as the 1840's, you'll see...particularly at Democratic Party events...there'll be toasts that are offered to the 8th of January. It became sort of like the 4th of July in terms of American nationhood, I suppose, until it was eclipsed by other wars. Certainly, you don't see that kind of celebration after the Civil War, for example, because I think the perspective changed.
- Jon Kukla, American Historian