1. Effects of Group Nutritional Health Promotion on Birth Weight
International Conference on “ Business, Economics, Social Science & Humanities 2016”
May, 2016 , Tokyo Japan
Effects of Group Nutritional Health Promotion on Birth Weight
In Pregnant Women with Gestational Diabetes Mellitus
Prapaiwan Danpradit1*, Boonsri Kittichotipanich2,
Pongsri Sauysom3, Suntaree Kositwon4
Collage of Nursing and Health, Suan Sunandha Rajabhat University, THAILAND
Assoc. Prapaiwan Danpradit, Suan Sunandha Rajabhat University, THAILAND

2. -affects up to 15% of pregnant women worldwide,
International Conference on “ Business, Economics, Social Science & Humanities 2016”
May, 2016 , Tokyo Japan
Gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM)
-as “any degree of glucose intolerance with onset or first recognition during pregnancy”.
-affects up to 15% of pregnant women worldwide,
In Thailand the incidence is %.
(Piyanun Limruangrong, et al, 2011; Chanprapaph P, Sutjarit C., 2004; Sumeksri P, Wongyai P, Aimpun P.,(2005).
Assoc. Prapaiwan Danpradit, Suan Sunandha Rajabhat University, THAILAND

3. Gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM)
International Conference on “ Business, Economics, Social Science & Humanities 2016”
May, 2016 , Tokyo Japan
Gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM)
There are two types of diabetes in pregnant women:
pre-gestational diabetes mellitus
and gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM).(IDF Clinical Guidelines Task Force, 2009).
It is the medical condition found during pregnancy and the incidence is %.
(Diabetes Associate of Thai, 2014).
Assoc. Prapaiwan Danpradit, Suan Sunandha Rajabhat University, THAILAND

4. The result from women with GDM
International Conference on “ Business, Economics, Social Science & Humanities 2016”
May, 2016 , Tokyo Japan
The result from women with GDM
GDM can cause complications and outcomes to mothers and newborns such as
macrosomic or large-for-gestational-age infants ,
hypertension during pregnancy,
pyelonephritis, polyhydramnios
- obstructed labour,
- the death of the mother
- baby birth injury for the infants.
The goal of medical care is to prevent complications during pregnancy and post-partum period and to deliver the healthy newborns.
(Diabetes Associate of Thai, 2014).
Assoc. Prapaiwan Danpradit, Suan Sunandha Rajabhat University, THAILAND

5. GDM
also has long-term health impact, with more than 50% of women with GDM going on to develop type 2 diabetes within 5-10 years of delivery.  Moreover, infants of women with GDM have a higher prevalence of overweight and obesity, and higher risk of developing type 2 diabetes later in life.
Diabetes Voice: Addressing the challenge of GDM in the developing world - perspectives from rural western Kenya, 2014
Diabetes Voice: IDF Diabetes Atlas reveals high burden of hyperglycaemia in pregnancy, 2014
Diabetes Voice: Gestational diabetes – an update from India, 2013

6. International Conference on “ Business, Economics, Social Science & Humanities 2016”
May, 2016 , Tokyo Japan
Objective
The objectives were to assess the differences of normal and abnormal birth weight newborns in pregnant women with GDM who participated in group nutritional health promotion at routine ANC.
Assoc. Prapaiwan Danpradit, Suan Sunandha Rajabhat University, THAILAND

7. International Conference on “ Business, Economics, Social Science & Humanities 2016”
May, 2016 , Tokyo Japan
Hypothesis
Pregnant women with GDM who participated in group nutritional health promotion had different number of newborns with normal and abnormal birth weight
Assoc. Prapaiwan Danpradit, Suan Sunandha Rajabhat University, THAILAND

8. 1) Perceived Benefits of Action 2) Perceived Barriers to Action and
International Conference on “ Business, Economics, Social Science & Humanities 2016”
May, 2016 , Tokyo Japan
Research Framework
The group nutritional health promotion for pregnant women with GDM was based on Pender’s Health Promotion Frameworks as
1) Perceived Benefits of Action
2) Perceived Barriers to Action and
3) Perceived Self-Efficacy.
(Pender, N.J., Murdaugh, C.L., and Parson, M.A., 2002).
They were used to adapt daily life styles to control blood glucose and other risk factors such as healthy dietary intake, appropriate physical activities and exercises, and good health behaviors. This research mainly aimed at dietary intake.
Assoc. Prapaiwan Danpradit, Suan Sunandha Rajabhat University, THAILAND

9. Methodology The research was a routine to research program.
International Conference on “ Business, Economics, Social Science & Humanities 2016”
May, 2016 , Tokyo Japan
Methodology
The research was a routine to research program.
The research design was one group post-test
experiment design.
The study population was 70 pregnant women
who were diagnosed to have GDM
and visited ANC,
Taksin Hospital in 2014.
The study samples were 51 purposively random
from pregnant women who were diagnosed to have
GDM and visited ANC, Taksin Hospital in 2014.
Assoc. Prapaiwan Danpradit, Suan Sunandha Rajabhat University, THAILAND

10. Research Instruments The research tools consisted of
International Conference on “ Business, Economics, Social Science & Humanities 2016”
May, 2016 , Tokyo Japan
Research Instruments
The research tools consisted of
Instruments for experiment: Manual of diabetes for pregnant women, Manual of diet for pregnant women with GDM and food exchange, Record of tables for daily food intakes with pictures of measure cups for breakfast (8.00), snack (10.00), lunch (12.00), snack (14.00), dinner (18.00) and supper (20.00) to be calculated for appropriate calories intake.
2. Instruments for data collection – ANC and delivery record
Assoc. Prapaiwan Danpradit, Suan Sunandha Rajabhat University, THAILAND

11. Nutritional Health Promotion session
International Conference on “ Business, Economics, Social Science & Humanities 2016”
May, 2016 , Tokyo Japan
Nutritional Health Promotion session
-Dietary recall individuals for daily food intakes
-First session review by questions, knowledge exchange, apparent problems and answers with emphasis on individual potentials and intentions.
-Assessment of weight gain and most likely complications which were assessed by maternal and fetal health status at ANC.
- instruction and demonstration in case of incorrect food intake.
Assoc. Prapaiwan Danpradit, Suan Sunandha Rajabhat University, THAILAND

12. Data were analyzed by percentages, means and standard deviation.
International Conference on “ Business, Economics, Social Science & Humanities 2016”
May, 2016 , Tokyo Japan
Data analysis
Data were analyzed by percentages, means and standard deviation.
Test of the differences of birth weight by 2 –test
Assoc. Prapaiwan Danpradit, Suan Sunandha Rajabhat University, THAILAND

13. General data of samples: 88.2% had normal height of > 150 cms.,
Results
1. General data of samples: 60.80% of pregnant women with GDM were years old, 88.20% had normal height of > 150 cms., % had normal BMI of kg/m2 before pregnancy, 51.00% participated in at least 3 sessions of group nutritional health promotion, 56.90% had first visit 50 gm GCT of gm/dl, 70.60% were GDM class A1, 60.80% were delivered by cesarean section, 88.20% had term gestational ages (mean = 38 weeks, SD = 1.73 weeks), and 66.70% had less than normal weight gain during pregnancy(<10 kg) with mean = 9.50 kgs, SD =5.93 kgs. (Table 1)
2. Effects of group nutritional health promotion on birth weight in pregnant women with GDM:70.00% of newborn had normal birth weight (mean =2996 grams, SD=658 grams), 30.00% had abnormal birth weight. There was statistically significant difference in the numbers of newborns with normal and abnormal birth weight (p <.01) (Table 2)
Results
1. General data of samples: 60.80% of pregnant women with GDM were years old, 88.20% had normal height of > 150 cms., 56.90% had normal BMI of kg/m2 before pregnancy, 51.00% participated in at least 3 sessions of group nutritional health promotion, % had first visit 50 gm GCT of gm/dl, 70.60% were GDM class A1, 60.80% were delivered by cesarean section, 88.20% had term gestational ages (mean = 38 weeks, SD = 1.73 weeks), and 66.70% had less than normal weight gain during pregnancy(<10 kg) with mean = kgs, SD =5.93 kgs Effects of group nutritional health promotion on birth weight in pregnant women with GDM:70.00% of newborn had normal birth weight (mean =2996 grams, SD=658 grams), 30.00% had abnormal birth weight. There was statistically significant difference in the numbers of newborns with normal and abnormal birth weight (p <.01)
International Conference on “ Business, Economics, Social Science & Humanities 2016”
May, 2016 , Tokyo Japan
Result / Conclusion
General data of samples:
88.2% had normal height of > 150 cms.,
56.9% had normal BMI ( kg/m2 ) before pregnancy,
51.0% participated in at least 3 sessions of group nutritional health promotion,
70.6% were GDM class A1,
60.8% were delivered by cesarean section,
88.2% had term gestational ages (mean = 38 weeks, SD = 1.73 weeks),
Assoc. Prapaiwan Danpradit, Suan Sunandha Rajabhat University, THAILAND

14. Effects of group nutritional health promotion on birth weight
Results
1. General data of samples: 60.80% of pregnant women with GDM were years old, 88.20% had normal height of > 150 cms., % had normal BMI of kg/m2 before pregnancy, 51.00% participated in at least 3 sessions of group nutritional health promotion, 56.90% had first visit 50 gm GCT of gm/dl, 70.60% were GDM class A1, 60.80% were delivered by cesarean section, 88.20% had term gestational ages (mean = 38 weeks, SD = 1.73 weeks), and 66.70% had less than normal weight gain during pregnancy(<10 kg) with mean = 9.50 kgs, SD =5.93 kgs. (Table 1)
2. Effects of group nutritional health promotion on birth weight in pregnant women with GDM:70.00% of newborn had normal birth weight (mean =2996 grams, SD=658 grams), 30.00% had abnormal birth weight. There was statistically significant difference in the numbers of newborns with normal and abnormal birth weight (p <.01) (Table 2)
Results
1. General data of samples: 60.80% of pregnant women with GDM were years old, 88.20% had normal height of > 150 cms., 56.90% had normal BMI of kg/m2 before pregnancy, 51.00% participated in at least 3 sessions of group nutritional health promotion, % had first visit 50 gm GCT of gm/dl, 70.60% were GDM class A1, 60.80% were delivered by cesarean section, 88.20% had term gestational ages (mean = 38 weeks, SD = 1.73 weeks), and 66.70% had less than normal weight gain during pregnancy(<10 kg) with mean = kgs, SD =5.93 kgs Effects of group nutritional health promotion on birth weight in pregnant women with GDM:70.00% of newborn had normal birth weight (mean =2996 grams, SD=658 grams), 30.00% had abnormal birth weight. There was statistically significant difference in the numbers of newborns with normal and abnormal birth weight (p <.01)
International Conference on “ Business, Economics, Social Science & Humanities 2016”
May, 2016 , Tokyo Japan
Result / Conclusion
Effects of group nutritional health promotion on birth weight
70.00% of newborn had normal birth weight (mean =2,996 grams, SD = 658 grams),
There was statistically significant difference in the numbers of newborns with normal and abnormal birth weight (p <0.01).
Assoc. Prapaiwan Danpradit, Suan Sunandha Rajabhat University, THAILAND

15. The key Success of Health Promotion on Birth Weight
International Conference on “ Business, Economics, Social Science & Humanities 2016”
May, 2016 , Tokyo Japan
Discussion
The key Success of Health Promotion on Birth Weight
- The small group discussion with nurse
-Demonstration and participatory nutritional health education for adapt daily food intake,
Daily dietary record at home, and return to
assessment with ANC nurse
(Diabetes Associate of Thai, 2014; Luoto R, et al., 2011; DIANE M. READER., 2007; Luciana Verçoza Viana, Jorge Luiz Gross, and Mirela Jobim Azevedo., 2014).
Assoc. Prapaiwan Danpradit, Suan Sunandha Rajabhat University, THAILAND

16. Reference
Chanprapaph P, Sutjarit C. (2004). Prevalence of gestational diabetes mellitus in womenscreened by the Glucose challenge test at Maharaj Nakorn Chiang Mai Hospital. Jounal MedAssoc Thai, 87(10),
DIANE M. READER. (2007). Medical Nutrition Therapy and Life style Interventions. Diabetes Care,30 (Suppl. 2),S188–S193.
Diabetes Associate of Thai.(2014). Clinical Practice Guideline for Diabetes. Bangkok: Aroonkarnpim,
IDF Clinical Guidelines Task Force.(2009 ).Global Guideline on Pregnancy and Diabetes.International Diabetes Federation. Brussels.
Luciana Verçoza Viana, Jorge Luiz Gross, and Mirela Jobim Azevedo. (2014). Dietary Intervention in Patients With Gestational Diabetes Mellitus A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis of Randomized Clinical Trials on Maternal and Newborn Outcomes. Diabetes Care, 37, 3345–3355.
Luoto R, et al. (2011). Primary prevention of gestational diabetes mellitus and large-for-gestational-age newborns by life style counseling. Journal List PLoS Medv, 8(5), May PMC
Piyanun Limruangrong, et al. (2011). Relationship among Selected Factors, Exercises, and Two-hour Postprandial Blood Glucose Levels in Pregnant Women with Gestational Diabetes Mellitus. Jounal Nurs Sci , 29(Suppl 2) July- September,48-59.
Pender, N.J., Murdaugh, C.L., and Parson, M.A. (2002). Health Promotion in Nursing
Practice.4th ed. Upper Saddle River, N.J. : Prentia Hall.
Sumeksri P, Wongyai P, Aimpun P. (2005).Prevalence of gestational diabetes mellitus in pregnant women aged 30 to 34 years old atPhramongkutklao Hospital. American Diabetes Association. Standards of medical care in diabetes. Diabetes Care, 28(Suppl.1),S4-42.

17. Suan Sunandha Rajabhat University
International Conference on “ Business, Economics, Social Science & Humanities 2016”
May, 2016 , Tokyo Japan
Thank You
Academic Fora
Suan Sunandha Rajabhat University
Assoc. Prapaiwan Danpradit, Suan Sunandha Rajabhat University, THAILAND