1. Volume 3, Issue 2, Pages 143-149 (February 1999)
The Drosophila βFTZ-F1 Orphan Nuclear Receptor Provides Competence for Stage- Specific Responses to the Steroid Hormone Ecdysone 
Julie Broadus, Jennifer R McCabe, Bart Endrizzi, Carl S Thummel, Craig T Woodard 
Molecular Cell 
Volume 3, Issue 2, Pages (February 1999)
DOI: /S (00)

2. Figure 1
Transcriptional and Biological Responses to the Late Larval and Prepupal Pulses of Ecdysone
Major developmental transitions triggered by ecdysone during the onset of metamorphosis are indicated at the top along with a timeline in hours, relative to puparium formation. The gray bars represent the peaks of the late larval and prepupal ecdysone pulses (Riddiford 1993). Transcription of the BR-C, E74A, and E75A early genes, βFTZ-F1 mid-prepupal gene, and stage-specific E93 early gene in larval salivary glands are indicated by black boxes (Huet et al. 1993; Woodard et al. 1994). Stage-specific biological responses to the late larval and prepupal pulses of ecdysone are listed at the bottom (Robertson 1936; Sliter and Gilbert 1992; Fristrom and Fristrom 1993; Jiang et al. 1997). Dotted lines indicate the larval–prepupal and prepupal–pupal transitions.
Molecular Cell 1999 3, DOI: ( /S (00) )

3. Figure 2 FTZ-F117 Selectively Disrupts βFTZ-F1 Expression
(A) Homozygous FTZ-F117 mutant 10 hr prepupae show reduced levels of full-length βFTZ-F1 transcripts compared to control prepupae, consistent with the FTZ-F117 deletion removing regulatory sequences upstream from the βFTZ-F1 transcription start site. The two mRNAs derive from use of alternate polyadenylation signals (C. T. W., unpublished results).
(B) Full-length αFTZ-F1 transcripts are detected in ovaries dissected from FTZ-F117 homozygous females at levels indistinguishable from expression in control ovaries. Hybridization to detect rp49 mRNA was used as a control for loading and transfer.
Molecular Cell 1999 3, DOI: ( /S (00) )

4. Figure 3 FTZ-F117 Is a Hypomorphic βFTZ-F1 Allele
(A) Animals of the indicated genotypes were collected at puparium formation, and their lethal phases were scored during the following 7–10 days: FTZ-F117/+ (N = 111), Df(3L)CatDH104/+ (N = 92), FTZ-F117/FTZ-F117 (N = 106), FTZ-F117/Df(3L)CatDH104 (N = 118). The percentage of these populations that displayed each phenotype is shown graphically. Phenotypes are more severe in FTZ-F117/Df(3L)CatDH104 animals compared to FTZ-F117 homozygotes, defining FTZ−F117 as a hypomorphic allele.
(B) Animals of the indicated genotypes were collected at puparium formation, exposed to heat treatment, and eclosion was assayed during the following 7–10 days: FTZ-F117/+ (N = 99), Df(3L)CatDH104/+ (N = 104), FTZ-F117/Df(3L)CatDH104(N = 93), and P[hs-βFTZ-F1]/+; FTZ-F117/Df(3L)CatDH104(N = 100). The 10% eclosion observed in the βFTZ−F1 mutant is rescued to 60% eclosion by ectopic βFTZ-F1 expression.
Molecular Cell 1999 3, DOI: ( /S (00) )

5. Figure 4 Lethal Phenotypes of βFTZ-F1 Mutants during Metamorphosis
FTZ-F117/Df(3L)CatDH104 mutants show defects in the prepupal–pupal transition, including abnormal or absent adult head eversion, disrupted adult leg morphogenesis and differentiation, and failed larval salivary gland cell death.
(A) A Df(3L)CatDH104/+ control pharate adult is shown just prior to eclosion.
(B–D) FTZ-F117/Df(3L)CatDH104 animals die as pharate adults (B), early pupae (C), or cryptocephalic pharate adults (D), all with short distorted legs. See Figure 3A for the percentages of these phenotypes.
(E and F) Dissected third thoracic legs from (E) a Df(3L)CatDH104/+ control animal just prior to eclosion and (F) from FTZ-F117/Df(3L)CatDH104 mutant pupae (left, leg from an animal that completed head eversion; right, leg from a cryptocephalic animal). fe, femur; ti, tibia; ta, tarsus.
(G and H) Confocal images of the larval salivary glands (arrowhead) at the indicated times following puparium formation. (G) In P[GawB]B62/P[UAS-GFP]; Df(3L)CatDH104/+ control animals, larval salivary gland cell death occurs at approximately 12 hr after puparium formation. Destruction of the larval salivary glands is observed as diminishing GFP expression. The posterior aspect of the larval salivary gland (arrowhead) is destroyed rapidly; the anterior aspect of the salivary gland (double arrowhead) persists several hours longer. (H) The persistent larval salivary gland of a cryptocephalic P[GawB]B62/P[UAS-GFP]; FTZ-F117/Df(3L)CatDH104 animal is shown at ∼24 hr after puparium formation and can be detected until the animal dies 7–10 days later (data not shown).
Molecular Cell 1999 3, DOI: ( /S (00) )

6. Figure 5
Ecdysone-Induced Early Gene Transcription Is Significantly Reduced in βFTZ-F1 Mutant Prepupae
Total RNA was isolated from staged control and FTZ-F117/Df(3L) CatDH104 prepupae and analyzed by Northern blot hybridization. Numbers at the top indicate hours after puparium formation at 25°C. Probes were used that detect βFTZ-F1, all size classes of BR-C mRNA, E74A (arrowhead) and E74B mRNAs, E75A mRNA, E93 mRNA, all EcR isoforms, or EDG84A mRNA. Hybridization to detect rp49 mRNA was used as a control for loading and transfer.
Molecular Cell 1999 3, DOI: ( /S (00) )