1. PERSUASIVE TEXTS

2. Definition…… Persuasive Text
…..is an attempt to persuade, or convince others to accept a certain view or take a specific action.

3. Persuasive Text Types Include…
Speeches
Debates
Editorials
Letters to the Editor
Opinion Blog Posts
Ads

4. Persuasive Texts Point of View
With persuasive text, an author’s point of view is what they think about a certain issue. Several factors can effect a person’s point of view about an issue.
Age
Background
Culture
Education

5. Persuasive Texts Author bias Examples
When an author lets beliefs, position and background drive their point of view.
Examples
Grocery store owner: You will save money if you buy fruit at my store instead of at the farmer’s market.
Farmer: My customers are willing to pay more because my fruit tastes better and is organic.
Note: They may have data that supports, but it is all in how they interpret and present that data.

6. Structure – Argumentative
Introduction
Claim (Main Belief)
Body
Reasons
Evidence (Research Based)
Opposing Argument w/Rebuttal
Conclusion
Restates the Claim
Summarizes
Food for Thought

7. Evaluate the Argument
Sometimes we have to decide whether or not the arguments are strong. That all depends on the evidence.
Is it clear?
Is it relevant or irrelevant?
Relevant- Closely related to and supporting the topic
Irrelevant- Not related or impacting the topic

8. For Example: Which is Relevant & Which is Irrelevant?
Reason:
Watching educational programs can help children learn more about math and science concepts.
Evidence:
A recent study showed that children who watched a specific educational show scored higher on a test of science concepts.
Channel 123 offers six different educational programs for young children.

9. Evidence Research (Data) Survey Results (Data) Statistics (Data)
Expert Opinions
Anecdotes
Direct Quotations from a reputable source

10. Opposing Arguments & Rebuttals
Opposing arguments are good to include. We call these “rebuttals.”
Definition- an argument against the speaker’s thesis.
By including a rebuttal in a persuasive speech, the speaker is able to reduce the impact of counterarguments against their thesis by addressing them first.
Example:
Some people argue that wearing a helmet does not prevent injury. However, research shows that wearing a helmet can reduce the risk of head injury by as much as 80 percent.

11. Persuasive Techniques/Devices
Definition
The methods that a writer uses to make an audience think a certain way.
Persuasion is really to make people think by appealing to their
Reasoning
Emotions
Respect for Expert Opinion

12. Persuasive techniques - Appeals
Ethos
Appeal to Credibility
Moral Character
Pathos
Appeal to Emotions
Logos
Appeal to your reasoning.
Making sense.

13. Examples: SHmoop

14. Persuasive Techniques for Deception
Logical Fallacies
Errors in Argument- WHAT you say
Rhetorical Fallacies
Errors in Speech- HOW you say it

15. Persuasive techniques for Deception
Loaded Terms
Use strong Words
Caricatures
Use a distortion of characteristics or faults of a person or thing to make something seem silly or comical
Leading Questions
Make certain assumptions in order to get someone to act a certain way.
False Assumptions
Draws an unreasonable conclusion based on putting information together only by inference
Incorrect Premises
A faulty statement that is used as the foundation of an argument.

16. Rhetorical Fallacies
Often blur thinking; they distract readers from the argument by creating strong emotions

17. Loaded Terms (Rhetorical Fallacy)
are words or phrases with strong positive or
negative connotations meant to create an emotional response in people
EXAMPLE) unloaded: plant loaded: weed
EXAMPLE) unloaded: animal loaded: beast

18. Caricature (Rhetorical Fallacy)
A description of a person or using exaggeration of some characteristics and oversimplification of others 

19. Logical Fallacies
Consist of faulty reasoning; they are not errors in fact… they are errors in logic.

20. Leading Question (Logical Fallacy)
Asking questions that are designed to make someone think in a certain way; either include the answer or point the listener in a certain direction
For example, this question is leading:
Were you at KC's bar on the night of July 15?
(It suggests what location the witness visited on the night in question. )
The same question in a non-leading form would be:
Where were you on the night of July 15?

21. False Assumption (Logical Fallacy)
The basis of an argument is incorrect, so the conclusion drawn may be in error.
If the streets are wet, it has
rained recently. (premise)
The streets are wet.
(conclusion) Therefore, it has rained recently.
What is wrong with this way of thinking?

22. Incorrect Premise (Logical Fallacy)
Starts with a statement that is inaccurate and draws a conclusion from it. When arguments are based on false assumptions and incorrect premises, they are misleading.