1. English Grammar

2. Chapter Three Punctuation word-transferring rule

3. ＊ punctuation
标点符号
＊ word-transferring rule
单词移行规则

4. ＊ Why do we need punctuation?
give structure & meaning to a
sentence along with grammar
＊ 12 punctuation marks
at the end of sentence (3)
within sentence (7)
within word (2)

5. 1 period/full stop
—to show an ended sentence
2 question mark
—to show a question
3 exclamation mark
—to show emotional stress

6. 4 comma
—short pause in sentence
5 colon
—listing
—shortening a sentence
(alternative to “so, for example”)

7. 6 semicolon
—to give flow to sentence
7 (single/double) dash
—to introduce extra information
8 ellipsis
—to show leaving out of word(s)

8. —to introduce extra information 10 quotation marks /quotes
9 brackets
—to introduce extra information
10 quotation marks /quotes
/inverted commas
—to show real (direct) speech
—to show quote
(single/double～)

9. 11 hyphen
—to join words
12 apostrophe
—to show possessive case
—to show shortened words

10. Difference 3 no punctuation mark for title . /。 …/……
—to capitalize first letter of its first word and its notional words
4 no punctuation mark for pause

11. ﹡When do we need it?
--in writing or printing;
--can’t finish a word in a line;
--transfer part of the word to next line, adding “-” to the part left;

12. ﹡How do we do it?
--based on division of syllables, word-formation and association of letters;
eg: win-ter, fa-mi-ly

13. ﹡No transferring
1单音节词 through, friend
2 助动词、情态动词的简略否定式
haven’t, shouldn’t
3 分拆后的部分只有一个字母
a-gain, snow-y
4 缩写词或人名
UNESCO, Robert