1. Warm Up – January 7
Answer the following questions on a sheet of paper:
Explain the precedents set by each of the following court cases:
Hazelwood v. Kuhlmeier
Mapp v. Ohio
TLO v. New Jersey
Miranda v. Arizona
Gideon v. Wainwright
Texas v. Johnson
Escobedo v. Illinois
Marbury v. Madison

2. Supreme Court Cases
Hazelwood v. Kuhlmeier – schools can censor their own newspapers
Mapp v. Ohio – law enforcement requires a search warrant to enter a private residence
TLO v. New Jersey – school authorities do not need a search warrant to search a student
Miranda v. Arizona – must be read your rights and told what you are being arrested for
Gideon v. Wainwright – right to an attorney
Texas v. Johnson – can burn the American flag as a sign of protest
Escobedo v. Illinois – attorney must be present when questioned; cannot self-incriminate
Marbury v. Madison – established judicial review

3. Question 1
In 1933, the legal right for labor unions to collectively bargain was established by the National Industrial Recovery Act. Collective bargaining allows union workers to come together and negotiate with their employers for better working conditions and benefits.
What role do labor unions perform in the U.S. economy?
A Labor unions defend the rights of businesses to use natural resources in the production of goods, making energy producers more profitable.
B Labor unions encourage the international outsourcing of jobs, thus decreasing the cost of goods for consumers.
C Labor unions work to gain maximum profits for management, thus increasing their incentives to produce a variety of goods.
D Labor unions advocate for workers, making work sites more compliant with workers’ rights and needs

4. Question 2
The duties of the State Board of Elections are to guide and enforce Federal and State laws governing all elections conducted within the state. In addition to ensuring these laws are enforced, the State Board of Elections is responsible for implementing policies and procedures to ensure these laws are adhered to in a collective and effective manner. From the North Carolina State Board of Elections Which description summarizes the functions and authority of the State Board of Elections?
A. the group that writes the procedures for state and local election processes
B. the group that regulates the selection of candidates by the political parties
C. the group that oversees federal, state, and local trials regarding elections and the electoral processes
D. the group that administers the laws, policies, and procedures of the federal, state, and local election processes

5. Question 3
What would a trend of increasing unemployment over an extended period indicate?
A. a contraction phase of the business cycle
B. a decrease in the number of aid recipients
C. large wage reductions
D. decreasing stock dividends

6. Question 4
When paying bills and organizing a budget, which item and category should be considered first?
A. clothing, discretionary
B. mortgage or rent, fixed
C. utilities, variable
D. life insurance, investment

7. Question 5
A worker is offered a job working 30 hours a week at the rate of $10 per hour. When considering this offer, what factor should the worker consider to maintain a fiscally responsible budget?
A. the worker′s ability to invest money in high-yield stocks
B. the worker′s probability of receiving a tax refund at the end of the year
C. the worker′s gross pay versus net pay, to determine available income
D. the worker′s projected annual charitable donations

8. Civics and Economics
Fiscal Policy

9. What is Fiscal Policy?
Government decisions on spending and taxation that are intended to improve or maintain the economy. The decisions the government makes has a HUGE impact on the economy.

10. Who makes Fiscal Policy?
Congress and the President make fiscal policy through the federal budget.
They decide how raise funds/what to cut.
The Federal Reserve (another government agency) DOES NOT make fiscal policy. (They make monetary policy)

11. Expansionary Policies
Expansionary Policies: Policies that try to increase the output of the economy
During a contraction or recession, the government can do two things:
Decrease Taxes Or Increase Gov’t Spending
Why would you try to decrease taxes/increase spending to grow the economy?

12. Decreasing Taxes/Increasing Government Spending
Gives people more money to spend
More money = Demand
More demand = Production
More production = Jobs
More jobs = Demand

13. Contractionary Policies
Contractionary Policies: Policies that try to decrease the output of the economy During a period of excessive inflation (during a period of expansion), the government can do two things: Increase Taxes OR Decrease Spending

14. Increase Taxes/ Decrease Spending
Less money in economy
Less money = Demand
Less demand = lower inflation

15. TOD – January 7 Answer the following questions on a sheet of paper:
What is fiscal policy? Who makes fiscal policy?
What is the difference between expansionary and contractionary policies?
What are the benefits of decreasing taxes and increasing spending?
What are the benefits of increasing taxes and decreasing spending?