1. General Purpose Packages
Spreadsheets

2. What is a Spreadsheet?
A Spreadsheet is a computer program used mainly for recording mathematical data such as bank records, accounts, bills, scientific records etc.
Spreadsheets carry out calculations based on the numbers and formula entered in them.
The software that creates a spreadsheet is called a spreadsheet package.
Microsoft Excel is a spreadsheet package.

3. Spreadsheet Structure
A spreadsheet basically consists of an electronic table or grid, made up of cells.
Each cell is named from the column and row which it occupies.
How would you reference a specific cell?

4. Cells, Columns and Rows Column Cell Row
How would you reference a specific cell?
Cells are arranged in rows and columns.
The rows are referenced by numbers and the columns by letters.

5. Values, Text, and Formulae.
A cell can contain one of three types of information
A value (number)
Text
or a formula
Cells containing formulae allow us to perform calculations using data stored in other cells.

6. Formulas
There are four basic calculations that can be performed in spreadsheets. These are:
Addition (+)
Subtraction (-)
Multiplication (*)
Division (/)
Formulae always start with the equals sign (=) to show that the content in the cell is equal to the formula it calculates

7. Formulas Simple Formulas Complex Formulas
An example of a simple formula:
=A3+B9
Complex Formulas
An example of a Complex formula:
=((A9*100)-(B9*50)+(H12*H12))/G7
Basically Complex means harder
What does this formula do?

8. Formatting
As with word processing you can change the way your spreadsheet looks. This is called altering the cell format
You can alter:
The Column width
The Row height
The Cell Alignment (left, right or centred)
Left Aligned Cell
Right Aligned Cell
Centre Aligned Cell

9. Cell Attributes
When you set up the attributes you are defining the format of the properties in that cell
Can change the symbol to make it Euros or number of decimal places for example.

10. Other Features Cell Protection
Allows you to ‘lock’ cells so they can not be changed.
Insert Row & Column
Allows you to add a new row or column.
If you are inserting them between two columns or rows then it will move the information in them over to the next row
Replication
Simply means copying
Good for copying formulas from one cell to another
An example of this is the ‘fill down’ command

11. Calculation Automatic Calculation Manual Calculation
If you change the value in a cell any other cells that affect that value will be changed automatically
Manual Calculation
Automatic Calculation can be turned off so that other cells can only be updated when you tell it to.

12. Charting
Values and figures can be uninteresting and sometimes difficult to see trends.
Most spreadsheet packages allow the user to create charts based on these figures.
These can make presentations.
interesting and colourful

14. Fully Labelled Charting
Can Choose a range of options

15. Functions Predefined formulas that perform calculations, e.g.
SUM, AVERAGE, MAXIMUM, MINIMUM & IF
These calculate from a range of cells using the : symbol.

16. Functions
The IF function is used to make a decision depending on the values given.
For example this formula is in cell A10:
=IF(D5>50, ‘You Win’,’You Lose’)
Meaning:
If the value of cell D5 is greater than 50, then place ‘You Win’ in A10, otherwise place ‘You Loose’ in A10

17. Referencing
A relative reference will change when the formula it is in is replicated to other cells.
An absolute reference will not change when a formula is replicated.
Absolute cell references are very useful for referring to specific cells in a spreadsheet
The $ symbol is used to ‘keep’ the formula relating to a particular cell.
=C5*$B$2
=C6*$B$2…