1. Taking Notes on Your Sources
Research Unit
Marth

2. Warm-up Paraphrase Summarize Quote
How do you properly use another author’s work?
Hint: There are three ways.
Paraphrase
Summarize
Quote

3. Plagiarism What is plagiarism?
the practice of taking someone else's work or ideas and passing them off as one's own
Can have serious consequences such as being expelled
It’s like lip-synching to someone else’s voice and accepting the applause and rewards for yourself.
IF YOU PLAGIARIZE, YOU WILL FAIL!

4. Three ways to incorporate Research
Quoting
Paraphrasing
Summarizing
Always use in-text documentation THEN cite it on your Works- Cited page

5. Quoting When you use the author’s EXACT WORDS
Put quotation marks around your work “ .”
Do NOT use more than 4 lines
Include the Author’s Last Name and Page Number on which you found the information, directly after the quote
According to Hughes, “poetry rocks!” (Hughes, p.2)

6. When do you use quotes?
To add power of an author’s words to support your argument
To highlight particularly powerful phrases/passages
Comparing and contrasting specific points of view
To note the important research that comes before your own

7. Paraphrasing
When you rephrase or put the author’s thoughts in YOUR OWN WORDS— rewording the source’s ideas, words, phrases, and sentence structure.
When do you paraphrase?
Planning to use information on your note cards to avoid plagiarizing
To avoid overusing quotations
To use your own voice to present information

8. Example of Paraphrasing
"I had to explain to him that I was deaf. I said, 'Wait; I can't hear; please talk slowly.' He looked at me and said, 'What?' I told him again I was deaf, and he said, 'Oh.' He pointed to a door and told me to go through that door. I followed his instructions. I opened the door and walked through it, closing the door behind me. I found that I was in the hallway near the elevator where I had just come up. I was shocked! He had rejected me without any explanation. I got into the elevator, and as it descended, I felt very letdown. I couldn't understand why he didn't give me a chance to explain that I could do the job well. It didn't require hearing!"
-- Bernard Bragg, My First Summer Job, A Handful of Stories, 19

9. Example of Paraphrasing Continued
In A Handful of Stories, Bernard Bragg tells a story of trying to get a job. One time he told a potential employer he was deaf, and the man just pointed to the door. Mr. Bragg, not realizing the man was telling him to leave, opened the door and stepped out. Not until he went out the door did he realize he had been rejected because he was deaf (19).

10. Summarizing
Involves putting the main idea(s) of one or several writers into your own words—including only the main points.
When do you summarize?
To establish background or offer an overview of a topic
To describe knowledge—from several sources—about a topic
To determine the main ideas of a single source

11. Practice
Original:
Of the more than 1,000 bicycling deaths each year, three-fourths are caused by head injuries. Half of those killed are school-age children. One study concluded that wearing a bike helmet can reduce the risk of head injury by 85 percent. In an accident, a bike helmet absorbs the shock and cushions the head. From “Bike Helmets: Unused Lifesavers,” Consumer Reports (May 1990): 348.
Paraphrased?
Summarized?

12. One more
Original:
“The Antarctic is the vast source of cold on our planet, just as the sun is the source of our heat, and it exerts tremendous control on our climate,” Cousteau told the camera. “The cold ocean water around Antarctica flows north to mix with warmer water from the tropics, and its upwellings help to cool both the surface water and our atmosphere. Yet the fragility of this regulating system is now threatened by human activity.” From “Captain Cousteau,” Audubon (May 1990): 17.
Paraphrased?
Summarized?

13. Two options for notes
Note Cards
Note Sheets
Minimum: 6 Note Cards per source (30 total)
Title of Source
Page Number
Educational Issue the information pertains to
1 piece of paraphrased information
Minimum: 1 Note Sheet per source (5 note sheets total)
Title of Source
Name of the Author
6 pieces of paraphrased information with page numbers

14. Why paraphrase in your notes?
It is helpful to paraphrase, or summarize, your research on the index cards while you are taking notes. If you are consistent in paraphrasing at this stage, then you will not accidentally plagiarize someone else's work. You will also have less work to do when you are actually writing the paper.

15. Pick your Poison Note Sheets Note Cards
Remember: 6 note cards per source (including your interview)
Remember: 1 note sheet per source (including your interview)