1. Atomic Basics chemistry Notes
Pt. 1

2. Elements All matter is composed of elements
Elements are pure substances that cannot be broken down in to any other substance,
‘Basic Ingredients of Matter”
All Elements are listed on the Periodic Table of Elements
25 elements are essential to life and only 6 are found in living things
Carbon
Hydrogen
Oxygen
Nitrogen
Phosphorus
Sulfur

3. So then an Atom is…? An atom is the smallest piece of an element.
Atom is derived from the Greek word “atomos” meaning uncuttable
Atoms are letters
Molecules are words

4. Molecules Vs. Compounds
When two or more elements are bonded together
Compound
When two or more different elements are bonded together
**All COMPOUNDS are MOLECULES, BUT not all MOLECULES are COMPOUNDS**

5. Atomic Structure Nucleus Electron in Electron Cloud (negative charge)
Nucleus
Electron in Electron Cloud (negative charge)
Proton in Nucleus (positive charge)
Neutron in Nucleus (no charge)

6. Atomic Structure What parts make up an Atom?
Proton
Neutron
Electron
Which of these parts belong in the nucleus?
What belongs in the electron cloud of an atom?

7. Let Us Think about this Subatomic Particle Charge Proton Positive
Neutron
Neutral (no charge)
Electron
Negative

8. Atomic Structure Every atom has energy levels called shells.
Each shell can hold a maximum number of electrons.

9. Maximum Number Electrons
Atomic Structure
Energy Level
Maximum Number Electrons 1 2 8 3

10. Valence Electrons

11. Ode to the Periodic Table
An organized table that lists all known elements
Just ONE SQUARE can tell you SO MUCH!

12. Atomic Mass = Number of Protons + Number of Neutrons
Atomic Number =
Number of Protons in an atom
IF the atom is neutral, then the number of protons = the number of electrons
Atomic Mass = Number of Protons + Number of Neutrons

13. One Step Further… What determines the…
Mass number?
Neutrons + Protons
Charge?
Electrons + Protons
Atomic Number?
Protons
Million Dollar Question: What subatomic particle will determine a new element?
PROTONS!!

14. Ions & Isotopes There are two different types of ions Positive ions
Negative ions

15. Positive! Positive! Positive!
To create a positive ion, you need to lose outer electrons (you would have more positive protons than negative electrons)

16. Don’t Be so Negative!
To create a negative ion, you would need to gain an electron (you will have more negative electrons than positive protons)

17. Isotopes Some elements have alternate forms called isotopes
Isotopes have the same number of protons in their atoms, but a different number of neutrons.
What will this change?
Atomic Number or Atomic Mass??
ATOMIC MASS WILL CHANGE

18. Which atom is more stable?
Chemical Bonding
Atoms are most stable when their outer
energy level is filled with electrons.
Which atom is more stable?
Neon

19. Atoms give/gain electrons
Atoms can bond with each other to become more stable.
COVALENT BONDS
Atoms share electrons
IONIC BONDS
Atoms give/gain electrons
ex) Organic Compounds
ex) NaCl