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Are exposures to ready-to-eat food environments associated with type 2 diabetes? A cross-sectional study of 347 551 UK Biobank adult participants Chinmoy Sarkar, PhD, Prof Chris Webster, DSc, Prof John Gallacher, PhD The Lancet Planetary Health Volume 2, Issue 10, Pages e438-e450 (October 2018) DOI: /S (18) Copyright © 2018 The Author(s). Published by Elsevier Ltd. This is an Open Access article under the CC BY 4.0 license Terms and Conditions
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Figure 1 Directed Acyclic Graph of the association between exposure to ready-to-eat food environments and prevalence of type 2 diabetes, including potential confounders The Lancet Planetary Health 2018 2, e438-e450DOI: ( /S (18) ) Copyright © 2018 The Author(s). Published by Elsevier Ltd. This is an Open Access article under the CC BY 4.0 license Terms and Conditions
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Figure 2 Association between categories of composite density of ready-to-eat food environment and type 2 diabetes Data are density within 1-km street catchment areas by (A) sex, (B) annual household income, (C) body-mass index, and (D) UK Biobank centre location. All models are adjusted for age, sex, ethnicity, highest educational qualification, employment status and income, smoking status, frequency of alcohol intake, processed meat intake, salad and raw vegetable intake, body-mass index, vascular disease status, parental diabetes, television screen time, presence of bus or train stations, and presence of petrol-filling stations. p values are for the interactions between categories of composite density of ready-to-eat food environments and population subgroups stratified by sex, income, body-mass index, and UK Biobank centre location. c1=0 (ref). c2=0·40–2·40 units/km2. c3=2·40–4·98 units/km2. c4=4·98–10·70 units/km2. c5=more than 10·70 units/km2. The Lancet Planetary Health 2018 2, e438-e450DOI: ( /S (18) ) Copyright © 2018 The Author(s). Published by Elsevier Ltd. This is an Open Access article under the CC BY 4.0 license Terms and Conditions
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