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Chapter 3 Expansion and Establishment
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Each region developed a distinct culture because of its inhabitants.
Chapter 3 – Expansion and Establishment pp Each region developed a distinct culture because of its inhabitants.
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migration (“Great Migration”) natural increase
Chapter 3 – Expansion and Establishment pp Colonial Expansion migration (“Great Migration”) natural increase
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Englishmen from southern England Quakers
Chapter 3 – Expansion and Establishment pp The English Puritans Englishmen from southern England Quakers Englishmen from northern England
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Many were Lutherans seeking religious freedom. The Scots-Irish
Chapter 3 – Expansion and Establishment pp The Germans Many were Lutherans seeking religious freedom. The Scots-Irish second largest group of immigrants
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Dutch, Swedes, Swiss, French Huguenots
Chapter 3 – Expansion and Establishment pp Other Smaller Groups Dutch, Swedes, Swiss, French Huguenots many were seeking religious freedom
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Chapter 3 – Expansion and Establishment
pp The Africans The vast majority of slaves that were brought to the New World were sent to the Caribbean and South America. labor needs: The southern economy was driven by agriculture, which required a lot of manpower.
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justification: race-based slavery
Chapter 3 – Expansion and Establishment pp justification: race-based slavery Africans were often captured by fellow Africans and sold to Europeans. The Middle Passage referred to the ocean passage from Africa to the New World
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Chapter 3 – Expansion and Establishment
pp With people drawn from so many countries, the colonies truly were a cultural “melting pot.”
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The Colonists Spread Out rivers wilderness trails
Chapter 3 – Expansion and Establishment pp The Colonists Spread Out rivers wilderness trails Great Wagon Road: the main north-south highway Wilderness Road via the Cumberland Gap
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Chapter 3 – Expansion and Establishment
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Chapter 3 – Expansion and Establishment
pp With the increase in the population of the colonies came growth in the economy.
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Different regions produced different products.
Chapter 3 – Expansion and Establishment pp Colonial Economy Different regions produced different products. factors affecting economy: climate, geography, and local resources
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Chapter 3 – Expansion and Establishment
pp subsistence farmers: raised just enough crops and livestock to provide for their families (the majority of colonists)
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The New England Colonies had poor, rocky soil relied on the sea
Chapter 3 – Expansion and Establishment pp The New England Colonies had poor, rocky soil relied on the sea
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had many navigable rivers
Chapter 3 – Expansion and Establishment pp The Middle Colonies had many navigable rivers dominated by fertile soil and coastal plains (bread colonies) fur industry developed by western settlers
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The Southern Colonies plantations tidewater
Chapter 3 – Expansion and Establishment pp The Southern Colonies plantations tidewater
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the largest food crop in the colonies
Chapter 3 – Expansion and Establishment pp Money Crops tobacco rice indigo Corn the largest food crop in the colonies
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Chapter 3 – Expansion and Establishment
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Chapter 3 – Expansion and Establishment
pp The frontier settler typified the American core values of growth and individualism.
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Chapter 3 – Expansion and Establishment
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Chapter 3 – Expansion and Establishment
pp One of the greatest challenges facing the colonies throughout the 1600s was their relationship with the Indians.
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Missions to the Indians genuine concern for the Indians’ souls
Chapter 3 – Expansion and Establishment pp Missions to the Indians genuine concern for the Indians’ souls belief that they were inferior and uncivilized Puritans: the most active participants in Indian missions
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John Eliot translated the New Testament into Algonquin
Chapter 3 – Expansion and Establishment pp John Eliot translated the New Testament into Algonquin “praying towns”: taught European laws and manners
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schools and colleges Dartmouth, Brafferton Academy, William and Mary
Chapter 3 – Expansion and Establishment pp schools and colleges Dartmouth, Brafferton Academy, William and Mary
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Chapter 3 – Expansion and Establishment
pp Indian Wars primary cause: Indians were threatened by the growing number of colonists and were angered by the loss of land and power.
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Chapter 3 – Expansion and Establishment
pp Pequot War: Puritans attacked the Pequot tribe over the murder of some colonists.
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Chapter 3 – Expansion and Establishment
pp King Philip’s War Metacomet (Philip) led the Indians against the colonists. So many Indians died that they were unable to keep their lands or way of life.
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Chapter 3 – Expansion and Establishment
pp Bacon’s Rebellion Colonists responded to an Indian attack by attacking the wrong Indians. Nathaniel Bacon later attacked and burned Jamestown.
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God created government to reward goodness and punish evil.
Chapter 3 – Expansion and Establishment pp God created government to reward goodness and punish evil.
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Governors and Legislatures
Chapter 3 – Expansion and Establishment pp Governors and Legislatures charter: The colonists elected all their leaders (governors, judges, legislators). proprietary: The proprietor or heir named the governor.
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royal: The king chose the governor.
Chapter 3 – Expansion and Establishment pp royal: The king chose the governor. governor: vetoes laws, calls the militia legislature “power of the purse” chosen by the colonists
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The Courts guided by English law
Chapter 3 – Expansion and Establishment pp The Courts guided by English law justices of the peace: tried those accused of crimes and settled disputes between citizens
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poll tax: required when voting
Chapter 3 – Expansion and Establishment pp Taxes property tax: primary tax (paid by anyone who owned land or other valuable property) poll tax: required when voting
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Colonies were divided into counties.
Chapter 3 – Expansion and Establishment pp Local Governments Colonies were divided into counties. township: formed the basic unit of government freeholders: white male property owners town meetings: the purest form of democracy
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night watchman (rattle watch) poor relief
Chapter 3 – Expansion and Establishment pp night watchman (rattle watch) poor relief “round the town” and “putting out” Counties were occasionally divided into parishes.
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