1. The Tide Turns

2. Nathaniel Greene was put in charge of the new Southern army.

3. His strategy was to avoid full-scale battles because the British had the advantage with their firepower.

4. Instead he used guerrilla fighting- small bands of fighters who weaken the army by surprise raids and hit-and-run attacks.

5. This tired out the British and caused them to have heavy losses in their army.
After the sixth year of the war, opposition to the war began to grow in Britain.

6. The End of the War

7. In 1781, British General Cornwallis set up a base in Yorktown, Virginia, where he could easily receive supplies in the Chesapeake Bay.

9. Washington created a plan-
A French fleet blocked the Chesapeake Bay from receiving any imports.
Washington would come from the North the trap Cornwallis.

10. In the Battle of Yorktown, American and French troops bombarded Yorktown and Cornwallis had no way out.

13. This was the last MAJOR battle of the war-
When British prime minister heard the news, he gasped “It’s all over!”

14. Congratulations on winning the war! I must ask, how did you do it?!
You are an American Patriot! Word has spread that you won the Revolutionary War against Britain, the world’s strongest army!
You receive a letter from a friend in Britain-
He says:
Congratulations on winning the war! I must ask, how did you do it?!
Sincerely, Frank

15. Legacy of the War

16. The End of the War
In November 1783, the last British ships and troops left New York City, and American troops marched in.
By their persistence, the Americans won independence even though they faced many obstacles such as they lacked training and experience, also short supplies and weapons.
British forces ranked among the best trained in the world.

17. American Advantages
Americans had certain advantages that enabled them to win:
Better leadership- British generals were overconfident and made poor decisions
Foreign aid- Foreign loans and military aid especially from France, were essential to America’s victory
Knowledge of the land- Americans knew the land well
Motivation- Americans had more reason to fight

18. Treaty of Paris
This is the treaty which ended the war. It included 6 conditions:
The United States was independent
Its boundaries would be the Mississippi River on the west, Canada on the north, and Spanish Florida on the south
The United States would receive the right to fish off Canada’s Atlantic Coast, near Newfoundland and Nova Scotia
Each side would repay debts it owed the other
The British would return any enslaved persons they had captured
Congress would recommend that the states return any property they had seized from Loyalists.

19. Treaty of Paris cont.
Neither Britain nor the United States fully lived up to the treaty’s terms.
Americans did not repay prewar debts to British or return Loyalists property.
British did not return runaway slaves and refused to give up military outposts in the Great Lake area.

20. Costs of the War

21. American Casualties Eight years of fighting took a toll on Americans.
An estimated 25,700 Americans died in the war, and 1,400 remained missing.
About 8,200 Americans were wounded.
Of the Americans that died:
about 10,000 died in camp from starvation, exposure, or disease.
8,500 died in British prisons. About 7,200 died in battle.

22. American Finances
Many American soldiers left the army with no money since they received little or no pay for their service.
Instead the government offered them certificates for land in the West.
Many men sold that land to get money for food and other basic needs.
The Congress and the states had borrowed money to finance the war which left the nation with a debt of about $27 million!

23. Loyalists? Thousands of Loyalists lost their property.
Between 60,000 and 100,000 Loyalists left the United States during and after the war.
Most went to Canada where they settled new towns and provinces.

24. After the War…
The main issue facing the Americans after the war was how to shape their national government which would protect citizens’ rights and economic freedom.

25. After the War…
After declaring their independence, Americans now had the idea of republicanism, where the people would rule.
For this to work, they needed to place the good of the country above their own interests.
At first, only men were allowed to take part in governing by voting or holding public office.

26. After the War…
Women could help by teaching their children the virtues that benefited public life such as honesty, duty and the willingness to make sacrifices.
After the war, Americans called for more religious freedom ending laws about some religions not being allowed to hold public office or using tax money to support churches.
People also began to see a conflict between slavery and the ideal of liberty.

27. After the War…
Elizabeth Freeman sued for her freedom in a Massachusetts court and won.
African Americans began to form institutions such as preacher Richard Allen started the Free African Society which encouraged African Americans to help each other.
The main issue facing the Americans after the war was how to shape their national government which would protect citizens’ rights and economic freedom.