1. Conflicts of Empire: Unrest and Revolution Wayne Davidson M.Ed
Da Vinci School for Science and the Arts

2. Bellwork
Why do you think that Spain considered the United States a threat to their territories in North America?

3. The Philip Nolan Expedition
1791: U.S. citizen Philip Nolan enters Texas as a mustang trader.
Enters Texas three times with permission of the Spanish government.

4. The Philip Nolan Expedition
Spanish officials hear rumors Nolan is an American spy
1800:Enters Texas without permission.
Spanish soldiers will attempt to arrest him.

5. The Philip Nolan Expedition
Nolan resists and is killed. Most of his men are captured or imprisoned.
Elis P. Bean-The only one of Nolan's men to return to the U.S. alive.
Elis P. Bean
Texas Filibuster

6. The Philip Nolan Expedition
Filibusters-military adventurers. Most wanted to free Texas, or all of Mexico from Spain, others were just looking for quick wealth.

7. The Gutiérrez-Magee Expedition
September 16, 1810-
Father Miguel Hidalgo y Costilla, a priest in Dolores, Mexico rang a bell and called for an end to Spanish rule.
Father Miguel Hidalgo y Costilla

8. The Gutiérrez-Magee Expedition
Father Hidalgo helped start the Mexican Revolution with his Grito de Delores
Father Miguel Hidalgo y Costilla

9. The Gutiérrez-Magee Expedition
1811:
Father Miguel Hidalgo y Costilla is captured and executed by the Spanish.
Mexican stamp commemorating the 250th anniversary of the birth of Father Miguel Hidalgo y Costilla

10. The Gutiérrez-Magee Expedition
José Bernando Gutiérrez de Lara decides to attack Texas after the death of Father Hidalgo
Hoped to use Texas as a base to fight for Mexican independence
Statue of
José Bernando Gutiérrez de Lara

11. The Gutiérrez-Magee Expedition
With secret support from the U.S., Gutiérrez went to Louisiana to raise a private army.
There he was introduced to Augustus William Magee, a former U.S. Army officer-together they raised an army of 130 volunteers-and called themselves the Republican Army of the North

12. The Gutiérrez-Magee Expedition
Augustus William Magee-leader of the Republican Army of the North
With the secret support of the U.S. government, the Republican Army of the North, invaded Mexico in August 1812

13. The Gutiérrez-Magee Expedition
The RAON takes control of Nacogdoches and gains more volunteers
Mid-September: army captures the Presidio at La Bahía. During this battle, Magee is killed.
800 Spanish soldiers will lay siege to the Presidio

14. The Gutiérrez-Magee Expedition
Siege-Military blockade of a city or fort
The Spanish army fails to take control of fort.
March 1813: The RAON attacks and defeats a Spanish force of 1200 men. In the aftermath of the battle, a group of Spanish troops and officers are ruthlessly executed.

15. The Green Flag Over Texas
April 6, 1813: José Bernando Gutiérrez de Lara declares Texas independence from Spain

16. The Green Flag Over Texas
The first Texas Revolution failed in part because sharp disagreements among volunteers weakened the Republican Army.

17. The Green Flag Over Texas
Brutal execution of several Spanish soldiers will cause several soldiers to leave.
Differences between Gutiérrez and volunteers over Texas’ fate leading to his removal.

18. The Green Flag Over Texas
April 1813: The rebellion is crushed by Spanish General Jose Joaquín de Arredondo at the battle of Medina Creek.
All remaining RAON members are summarily executed.
Fighting under the command of General Arredondo is a young Lieutenant named Antonio Lopez de Santa Anna.
Spanish General
Jose Joaquín de Arredondo

19. Pirates and Rebels on the Coast
Henry Perry-Filibuster who moved into Texas in 1815 and set up a base on Galveston Island
June 1817: Killed when attempting to take La Bahía

20. Pirates and Rebels on the Coast
Jean Lafitte-French pirate, based in Galveston, who had fought for the U.S. in the War of 1812

21. The Long Expeditions Dr. James Long: U.S. citizen from Mississippi
Angry about the Adams- Onís treaty-believed that Texas should be independent or a part of the United States

22. The Long Expeditions First invasion: unsuccessful
Second invasion: killed
Jane Long-wife, returned to United States after death of husband. Would go on to become known as The Mother of Texas