1. Weird Stuff I Saw While … Working With Heaps
Really, How Bad Is It to Use Heaps?
7/15/2017

2. Rick Lowe rick@data-flowe.com DataFLowe
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3. What Is a Heap Table without a clustered Index
Doesn’t automatically have a B tree
Disorganized data
Table that only supports scans
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4. Demo Break 1 Creation script System health session Update demo 1
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Demo Break 1
Creation script
System health session
Update demo 1

5. What’s a Deadlock?
has
has
needs
needs
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6. Modifying a Heap 1 2 3 4 5 6 UPDATE dbo.myHeap SET n = 1 WHERE ID = 4;
Is ID 4 here?
Is ID 4 here? 1 2 3 4 5 6
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7. Modifying a Heap (cont’d)
UPDATE dbo.myHeap SET n = 1 WHERE ID = 4;
Found it 1 2 3 4 5 6
Time to update!
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8. Modifying a Clustered Index (comparison)
UPDATE dbo.myTable SET n = 1 WHERE ID = 4; 1 2 3 4 5 6
Found it
Time to update! 1 2 3 4 5 6
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9. Modifying a Heap – Two Connections
UPDATE dbo.myHeap SET n = 1 WHERE ID = 4;
It’s Here!
Is ID 4 here? Nope.
Is ID 4 here? Nope. 1 2 3 4 5 6
UPDATE dbo.myHeap SET n = 1 WHERE ID = 3;
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10. Modifying With a Heap – Two Connections (Contd)
UPDATE dbo.myHeap SET n = 1 WHERE ID = 4;
Is 4 here? 1 2 3 4 5 6
Is 3 here?
UPDATE dbo.myHeap SET n = 1 WHERE ID = 3;
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11. Issues With Updating Heaps
No seeks (in the absence of NC index)
Also no guarantee of uniqueness (scan continues even after record is found)
Many update locks, one exclusive lock
If multiple connections are doing similar update, connection A may hold an exclusive lock on data that connection B wants to scan and vice versa
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12. Inserting Into Heaps: Best Case
INSERT INTO dbo.myHeap(…) VALUES(…);
I’m locking slot 0. 1 2 3 4 5
I’m locking slot 1.
INSERT INTO dbo.myHeap(…) VALUES(…);
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13. Inserting Into Heaps: Reused Space
INSERT INTO dbo.myHeap(…) VALUES(…);
I’m locking slot 0. 1 2 3 4 5
Oh, there’s space here.
INSERT INTO dbo.myHeap(…) VALUES(…);
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14. Inserting Into Clustered Index (Comparison)
INSERT INTO dbo.myTable(…) VALUES(…); 1 2 3 4 5
Found it
Time to update! 1 2 3 4 5
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15. 7/15/2017
Demo Break 2
SSIS Demo
Speed comparison

16. One Way to Make Insert Fail
= COUNT(*) FROM dbo.myHeap
WHERE ClientID WITH(SERIALIZABLE)
Shared lock
I’m looking at this. Don’t change.
dbo.BigHeap
= COUNT(*) FROM dbo.myHeap
WHERE ClientID WITH(SERIALIZABLE)
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17. One Way to Make Insert Fail (cont’d)
INSERT INTO dbo.MyHeap(ID, IsTrial, BigBlobbyData) VALUES(…)
Shared lock
Convert to IX lock Need to lock a row
dbo.BigHeap
Convert to IX lock
INSERT INTO dbo.MyHeap(ID, IsTrial, BigBlobbyData) VALUES(…)
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18. Issues With Inserting Into Heaps
No order, so new records could go anywhere
Reusing space means looking for space
Mixing SELECTS and INSERTS are more problematic due to table scans
Many believe inserts into heaps are faster. That’s not always true.
If table eventually needs a clustered index, how long does it take to convert from heap?
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19. Demo Break 3 Update demo 2 – heap with NC index
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Demo Break 3
Update demo 2 – heap with NC index
NOTE: Follow up to discussion in class – This demo is a bit contrived. Realistic case for deadlock without using HOLDLOCK to force failure would be an update or delete with inner joins to other tables, or an insert/select.

20. Indexing Cheat Sheet
Heaps are OK for inserting lots of transitory, unsorted data through a single connection.
Heaps aren’t ideal for select, update, delete
Heaps aren’t ideal for multiple connections
Clustered index inserts may outperform heap inserts when data is ordered
Usually not difficult to sort data before loading
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21. Non-Clustered Indexes
Adding NC indexes or unique constraints to heaps rarely makes sense
Adding NC index to heap often increases frequency of deadlocks (more things to lock)
NC indexes also tend to make deadlocks more likely when inserting to clustered index
Best case for inserts is often a table with clustered index and no NC indexes.
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22. Ghost Cleanup http://www.mikefal.net/2012/10/17/a-heap-of-trouble/
Large, partitioned heap
Volatile Key
Ghost cleanup stopped working
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23. Thank You
7/15/2017