1. Introduction to Information Systems
CHAPTER 1
Introduction to Information Systems

2. CHAPTER OUTLINE 1.1 Why Should I Study Information Systems?
1.2 Overview of Computer-Based Information Systems
1.3 How Does IT Impact Organizations?
1.4 Importance of Information Systems to Society

3. LEARNING OBJECTIVES
1. Begin the process of becoming an informed user of your organization’s information systems.
2. Define the terms data, information, and knowledge, and give examples of each.
3. Define the terms information technology, information system, computer-based information system, and application.

4. LEARNING OBJECTIVES (continued)
4. Identify three ways in which you depend on information technology in your daily life.
5. Discuss three ways in which information technology can impact managers and three ways in which it can impact non- managerial managers.
6. List three positive and three negative societal effects of the increased use of information technology.

5. Chapter Opening Case
Robert F. Balazik/Shutterstock

6. E-Mealz
© Alex/iStockphoto

7. 1.1 Why Should I Study Information Systems?
Yuri Acurs/Shutterstock

8. The Informed User – You! Homo Conexus
You are the most connected generation in history.
You practice continuous computing.
You are surrounded by a personal, movable information network.
Your personal information network is created by constant cooperation between:
the digital devices you carry;
the wired and wireless networks that you access as you move about;
Web-based tools for finding information and communicating and collaborating with other people.
You can pull information from the Web and push your ideas back to the Web.
© Voon Nam Fook/iStockphoto

9. Build Your Own Multinational Company
These examples were created in How many links are still ‘original’?
© Alex Gumerov/iStockphoto

10. Digital Nomads
They may have location independence but do they have ‘time zone independence’?
A digital nomad is someone who uses information technologies such as smart phones,
wireless Internet access, and Web-based applications to work remotely from anywhere.
Source: Media Bakery

11. IT Offers Career Opportunities
September 4, 2011

12. “Top Jobs” in America
Money Magazine 2010

13. Managing Information Resources
Traditional Functions of MIS Department Consultative Functions of MIS Department
Example: manage data center
© stockbrokerxtra/Age Fotostock America, Inc.
Example: create business alliances
Source: Howard Kingsnorth/The Image
Bank/Getty Images, Inc.

14. 1.2 Overview of Computer-Based Information Systems
© zu difeng/Shutterstock

15. Data Information Knowledge
Data Item. Elementary description of things, events, activities and transactions that are recorded, classified and stored but are not organized to convey any specific meaning.
Information. Data organized so that they have meaning and value to the recipient.
Knowledge. Data and/or information organized and processed to convey understanding, experience, accumulated learning and expertise as they apply to a current problem or activity.
Information
Knowledge
(Source: © janaka Dharmasena-Fotolia.com; Exactostock/SuperStock; uttamgurjar/Shutterstock)

16. Computer-Based Information Systems
Software
Database
Hardware
Computer-based information systems are information systems that use computer
technology to perform some or all of their intended tasks.
Hardware is a device such as a processor, monitor, keyboard or printer
Software is a program or collection of programs that enable hardware to process data.
Database is a collection of related files or tables containing data.
Network is a connecting system (wireline or wireless) that permits different computers to share resources.
Procedures are the set of instructions about how to combine the above components in order to process information and generate the desired output.
People are those individuals who use the hardware and software, interface with it, or uses its output.
Procedures
Network
People
(Source: Nasonov/Shutterstock; Angela Waye/Shutterstock; alexmillos/Shutterstock; broukoid/ Shutterstock; Mike Flippo/Shutterstock

17. Capabilities of Information Systems
Table 1.3
Perform high-speed, high-volume numerical computations
Provide fast, accurate communication and collaboration within and among organizations
Store huge amounts of information in small space
Allow quick, inexpensive access to vast amounts of information worldwide
Interpret vast amounts of data quickly and efficiently
Increase effectiveness and efficiency of people working in groups in one place or around the world
Automate semiautomatic business process and manual tasks

18. Application Programs
An application program is a computer program designed to support a specific task,
a business process, or another application program.
Angela Waye/Shutterstock

19. E-Discovery Software (IT’s About Business 1.3)
Source: maxstockphoto/Shutterstock

20. Types of Information Systems
Information Systems Inside an Organization

21. Types of Information Systems
Information Systems Among Organizations

22. Types of Information Systems
Breadth of Support of Information Systems
Functional area information systems
Enterprise resource planning systems
Transaction processing systems
Interorganizational information systems
A functional area information system supports a particular functional area of the organization.
Enterprise resource planning systems tightly integrating the functional area ISs via a common database.
Transaction processing systems support the monitoring, collection, storage, and processing of
data from the organization’s business transactions.
Interorganizational information systems connect two or more organizations.

23. Types of Information Systems (continued)
Support for Organizational Employees
Office automation systems
Business intelligence systems
Expert systems
Dashboards
Office automation systems typically support the clerical staff, lower and middle managers,
and knowledge workers, enabling them to develop documents, schedule resources, and
communicate.
Business intelligence systems provide computer-based support for complex, nonroutine
decisions, primarily for managers and knowledge workers.
Expert systems attempt to duplicate the work of human experts by applying reasoning
capabilities, knowledge, and expertise within a specific domain.
Dashboards provide rapid access to timely information and access to structured information
in the form of reports.

24. 1.3 How Does IT Impact Organizations?
IT reduces the number of middle managers.
IT changes the manager’s job.
Will IT eliminate jobs?
IT impacts employees at work.

25. Ergonomic Products Wrist support Back support Eye-protection filter
Adjustable foot rest
Source: Media Bakery

26. When ergonomics doesn’t work
When all else fails…….

27. Enabling People with Disabilities to Work with Computers
Computer solutions available to
Visually-impaired users
Hearing-impaired users
Motor-impaired users
Computer for visually-impaired user
Computer for hearing-impaired user
Computer for motor-impaired user
© Harry Huber/Age Fotostock America, Inc.

28. 1.4 Importance of Information Systems to Society
IT Affects Our Quality of Life
Robot Revolution on the Way
Improvements in Healthcare

29. The Robot Revolution See video of Big Dog robot in action
See ASIMO commercial
See video of ASIMO in action
See video of ASIMO learning
© Stockbrokerxtra/Age Fotostock America, Inc.
ASIMO videos have been removed from YouTube

30. The Robot revolution (continued)
Industrial Robots
See video of warehouse robots at work
Telepresence Robots
See video of telepresence robot in action

31. Improvements in Health Care
See video of the pill cam in action
See video of daVinci Surgical Robot
The patient swallows the Pill Cam (camera). The camera takes an image
of the digestive tract at intervals, and sends the images to a device that
patients wear on their belts. The patients take their devices to their doctors
who download the images and view them on a screen.
May do away with endoscopy and the need for general anesthetic for
the procedure.
With the Laerdal Sim Man two physicians perform a procedure on a simulated human (mannequin)
See video of Laerdal Sim Man in action
© Stockbrokerxtra/Age Fotostock America, Inc.

32. Chapter Closing Case
The Problem
The Solution
The Results