1. Strategies in Pain Management
Gary Ruoff, MD, Mark Lema, MD, PhD 
Journal of Pain and Symptom Management 
Volume 25, Issue 2, Pages (February 2003)
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2. Fig. 1 Prevalence of dysmenorrhea among 533 women aged 18–45 years.9
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3. Fig. 2
Efficacy of NSAIDs in primary dysmenorrhea. Rate ratio for at least moderate pain relief—review of 31 studies. n = number of studies reviewed.11
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4. Fig. 3
Efficacy of rofecoxib and naproxen sodium in primary dysmenorrhea. Pain relief was rated on a 0–4 scale (0 = none, 4 = complete relief). Mean scores by treatment group are shown.12
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5. Fig. 4
Pain relief following third molar extraction: Mean pain relief over 24 hours. p<0.05 compared to placebo.20
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6. Fig. 5
Pain relief following third molar extraction. Mean pain relief over 24 hours. *p<0.05 vs. placebo and celecoxib at 12 and 24 hours.22
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7. Fig. 6
Efficacy of rofecoxib in chronic lower back pain. Screening (S) to baseline (R) represents washout of previous analgesic. Mean pain intensity as measured on 100 mm visual analogue scale.26
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8. Fig. 7 The harmful effects of unrelieved pain.
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9. Fig. 8
The WHO Analgesic Ladder for Cancer Pain Management. The WHO analgesic ladder calls for the use of non-opioid analgesics such as NSAIDs or coxibs at all three levels of cancer pain.
Journal of Pain and Symptom Management  , 21-31DOI: ( /S (02) )