1. Thanks to Sarah Hart Smith for the inspiration:
Resource created collaboratively by
Jade Kelly-Smith
Louise Clark
Shelley Carew
Lauren Whitford-Stark
Lydia Grellier

2. TOPIC: Medieval medicine
Historical 5 a day
TOPIC: Medieval medicine
How useful to an historian studying medieval medicine?
Source A- from a book sharing medical ideas, 1284
People and Terminology
Match key terms and definitions C O P E
Doctrine of Signatures
Included urine analysis for diagnosis and using herbal medicines and balms for treatments.
Miasma Theory
A person’s health was affected by the position of the planets, as were the best times to treat them.
Natural treatments
This taught that God created illnesses. To treat illness, prayer was a popular treatment.
Astrology
The idea that bad smells caused illness. Based on observation but mistaken.
Chronology
Number these events in the order in which they happened:
Plan your answer
Explain the significance of Galen on medical progress (8)
Roger Bacon is imprisoned for encouraging scientific observation.
The church approves of Hippocrates and Galen’s work for training physicians.
Hippocrates taught clinical observation and the Theory of the four humours.
Context – List three people who would provide medical treatment in the middle ages, and describe their training: 1. 2. 3.
SOURCE
Chronology: 3 2, 1 (Bacon imprisoned 1277/79)
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3. TOPIC: medieval progress
Historical 5 a day
How useful to an historian studying Islamic medicine?
Source A- a modern representation of an Islamic hospital in Bagdad in the 11th Century.
People and Terminology
Match key terms and definitions C O P E
John Arderne
Some believed that Pus cleaned away infection, but Hugh of Lucca noticed that alcohol (wine) worked much better.
Cauterise
A tool developed during war to remove arrow heads from wounds without causing more damage.
Antiseptic
Applying great heat to burn the edges of wounds to stop bleeding.
Arrow Cup
Battlefield surgeon who developed a painkilling ointment made from Opium and hemlock. His books were widely read by other surgeons.
Chronology
Number these events in the order in which they happened: .
Plan your answer
Has superstition and religion helped and hindered medical progress in the Middle Ages?
Arderne writes the Practice of Surgery, advising doctors on how to behave.
Avicenna writes ‘Canon of Medicine’, in use until 1700s.
Padua university was set up in Italy for the training of physicians.
Context – List three ways that church hospitals would care for the sick : 1. 2. 3.
Avicenna 1025
Padua 1222
Arderne book 1370
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4. TOPIC: medieval public health
Historical 5 a day
Q1) How useful is Source A to a historian studying medieval preventions and treatments? (8 marks)
Top Tips:
Structure:
People and Terminology
Match key terms and definitions
Sanitation
Estimate of the % of people killed by the Black Death epidemic
Buboes
Medieval toilet over a cesspit or stream. 40
Swellings in the armpits, a symptom of the black death.
Latrine/ privy
Systems for water supply and waste disposal.
Source A:
A 15th century woodcut* showing people flogging (whipping) themselves. Groups marched through towns, whipping each other to atone (make up) for their sins and calling on other people to repent. They gained many new members in 1348 when the Black Death arrived in Europe.
*A woodcut is an early method of printing, where the artist carves an image into the surface of a block of wood, leaving the printing parts level for printing. These were common during the medieval period.
Number these events in the order in which they happened: .
Chronology
Roger Bacon is imprisoned for challenging Galen
Coventry established waste disposal sites and bans toilets over streams.
Black Death arrives in England
Q3) Compare public health in medieval towns and monasteries. In what ways were they different? (8)
Top Tips:
Structure:
Context – Describe three popular explanations of the Black Death at the time. 1. 2. 3.
Black death arrives 1348
Coventry bans toilets over streams 1421
Many peasants refused to work for Lords in the way they had before. They expected more freedom.
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5. Historical 5 a day C O P E TOPIC: The Renaissance 1. 2. 3. How useful?
A 1962 painting, by Robert Thom, of simply reading Galen’s descriptions aloud: his students found this a fascinating new way to learn
People and Terminology C O P E
Andreas Vesalius
Ambroise Pare
William Harvey
Renaissance
Chronology
Plot the events on the mini timeline, giving their dates.
Plan your answer
Compare Medieval anatomy with Renaissance anatomy. In what ways were they different? (8)
Pare’s method of using ligatures during amputations
Vesalius’ challenging of Galen’s work
Printing press allowed new ideas to spread quickly
Context – List 3 consequences of the Renaissance era 1. 2. 3.
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6. Historical 5 a day C O P E TOPIC: The Beginnings of Change 1. 2. 3.
How useful?
An amputation scene from a text on surgery, c.1620
People and Terminology C O P E
Quackery
Thomas Sydenham
John Hunter
Charles II
Chronology
Plot the events on the mini timeline, giving their dates.
Plan your answer
Compare the Black Death in the fourteenth century with the Great Plague in the seventeenth century. In what ways were they similar? (8)
Hospital boom takes place in
The Great Plague arrives in London
John Hunter experiments on himself to test scientific methods
Context – List 3 Medieval beliefs about the causes of the Great Plague 1. 2. 3.
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7. Historical 5 a day C O P E TOPIC: The Beginnings of Change 1. 2. 3.
How useful?
A cartoon drawn in 1802 by James Gillray C O P E
People and Terminology
Edward Jenner
Vaccination
Inoculation
Lady Mary Wortley Montagu
Chronology
Plot the events on the mini timeline, giving their dates.
Plan your answer
Explain the significance of vaccinations in the development of medicine (8)
Parliament agrees to give Jenner £10,000 for his research
In 1721, inoculation became popular due to Lady Mary Wortley Montagu
Edward Jenner tests his theory out on a young 8 year old boy
Context – List 3 reasons people were opposed to vaccination: 1. 2. 3.
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8. TOPIC: Pasteur & Germ Theory
Historical 5 a day
How useful?
Source A: Political cartoon from French a French newspaper in The syringe says ‘virus rabique’ (‘rabies virus’ in English). P I C T U R E
People and Terminology P A
N D A
Louis Pasteur
spontaneous generation
Germ Theory
chicken cholera
Chronology
Plot the events on the mini timeline, giving their dates.
Plan your answer
Explain the significance of Germ Theory in the development of medicine (8)
Pasteur successfully tests rabies vaccine on a human
Germ Theory published
Vaccination for chicken cholera discovered
Context – List three reactions to Pasteur’s Germ Theory in Britain: 1. 2. 3.
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9. Historical 5 a day P I P C A N D A T U R E TOPIC: Koch & Ehrlich 1. 2.
How useful?
Source A: An advertising poster for Hamlin’s Wizard Oil, from around 1890. P I C T U R E
People and Terminology P
A N D A
Robert Koch
Paul Ehrlich
microbe hunting
magic bullets
Chronology
Plot the events on the mini timeline, giving their dates.
Koch identifies the first specific microbe (anthrax)
William Cheyne translates Koch’s work into English
Franco-Prussian War
Plan your answer
Compare treatments of disease in the Middle Ages and the first half of the 19th century. In what ways were they similar? (8)
Context – List 3 ‘magic bullets’ developed by Paul Ehrlich with the disease each one treats: 1. 2. 3.
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10. TOPIC: Revolution in surgery
Historical 5 a day
TOPIC: Revolution in surgery
How useful?
Source A: A photograph of an operating room c.1900. P I C T U R E
People and Terminology P
A N D A
James Simpson
Joseph Lister
‘Black Period’ of surgery
Aseptic surgery
Chronology
Plot the events on the mini timeline, giving their dates.
Plan your answer
Explain the significance of antiseptics in the development of surgery (8)
Lister reads Pasteur’s Germ Theory
Simpson discovers chloroform
Queen Victoria uses chloroform
Context – List three reasons why people opposed the use of chloroform or carbolic acid in surgery: 1. 2. 3.
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11. TOPIC: 19th Century public health
Historical 5 a day
TOPIC: 19th Century public health
How useful?
Source A: ‘A Court for King Cholera’ by John Leech, Punch magazine, 1852. P I C T U R E
People and Terminology P
A N D A
Miasma
Laissez-faire
The Great Stink
Cholera
Chronology
Plot the events on the mini timeline, giving their dates.
Plan your answer
Compare the Black Death in the Middle Ages with the Cholera epidemics in the 19th century.
In what ways were they similar? (8)
Context – List 3 reasons why public health was so poor during the Industrial Revolution: 1. 2. 3.
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12. TOPIC: Revolution public health
Historical 5 a day
TOPIC: Revolution public health
How useful?
Source B: Joseph Bazalgette (top right) at the northern outfall sewer being built below London’s Abbey Mills pumping station. c.1800 P I C T U R E
People and Terminology P A
N D A
Edwin Chadwick
Dr John Snow
Joseph Bazalgette
Contagion
Chronology
Plot the events on the mini timeline, giving their dates.
Plan your answer
Was the role of individuals the main factor in the development of public health in Britain, during the Industrial Revolution?’ Explain your answer with reference to individuals and other factors. 16 marks, 4 SPaG
Dr John Snow’s discovery
Bazalgette designs first sewer
Chadwick Report published
Context – List three government initiatives to improve public health in the 19th century. 1. 2. 3.
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13. TOPIC: Modern treatment of disease
Historical 5 a day
TOPIC: Modern treatment of disease
How useful?
Source A: Distaval thalidomide advertisement, 1961 P I C T U R E
People and Terminology P
A N D A
Penicillin
Alexander Fleming
Pharmaceuticals
Alternative medicine
Chronology
Plot the events on the mini timeline, giving their dates.
Plan your answer
Compare the work of Louis Pasteur and the work of Chain and Florey. In what ways are they similar? (8)
Chain and Healy mass produce penicillin
Fleming discovers penicillin
NHS launches campaign to reduce anti-biotic demand
Context – List three methods of ‘alternative’ medical treatment used in the 20th century: 1. 2. 3.
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14. TOPIC: Modern Public Health
Historical 5 a day
TOPIC: Modern Public Health
How useful?
Source A: A government poster issued during the Second World War encouraging civilians to grow vegetables. P I C T U R E
People and Terminology P
A N D A
Charles Booth
Seebohm Rowntree
David Lloyd George
Laissez-Faire
Chronology
Plot the events on the mini timeline, giving their dates.
Plan your answer
Has the role of the Government been the Main factor in improving Public Health in Britain since Medieval times? (16)
The Boer War
Second World War
First World War
Context – List 3 ways the Liberal government helped health from : 1. 2. 3.
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15. TOPIC: Modern impact of war
Historical 5 a day
TOPIC: Modern impact of war
How useful?
Source A: These photos show the facial reconstruction of a soldier wounded during the Battle of the Somme in 1916, by surgeon Harold Gillies. P I C T U R E
People and Terminology P
A N D A
Shell-shock
Dwight Harken
Karl Landsteiner
Christian Barnard
Chronology
Plot the events on the mini timeline, giving their dates.
Plan your answer
Has war been the main factor in the development of surgery in Britain since Medieval times? Explain your answer with reference to war and other factors. 16 marks, 4 SPaG
The governments of both Britain and America money to drug companies to develop penicillin.
British National Blood Transfusion Service opens
Keller-Blake splint is developed
Context – List three new technologies that were developed as a result of war : 1. 2. 3.
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16. Historical 5 a day P I P C A N D A T U R E TOPIC: Modern Public Health
How useful?
Source A: In 2003, the British Government launched a “five a day” campaign to encourage people to eat more fruit and Vegetables. P I C T U R E
People and Terminology P
A N D A
Sir William Beveridge
Aneurin Bevan
Welfare State
N.H.S
Chronology
Plot the events on the mini timeline, giving their dates.
Plan your answer
Explain the Significance of the development of the NHS on public health in Britain. (8)
NHS set up
Second World War ends
Beveridge Report published
Context – List the 5 “giants” from the Beveridge Report : 1. 2. 3. 4. 5.
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17. Historical 5 a day P I P C A T N D A U R E
TOPIC: Modern treatment of Disease
Historical 5 a day
How useful?
Source A: An anti-smoking poster issued by the Health Education Authority, London, and printed in 1988. P I C T U R E
People and Terminology P A
N D A
Radiation Therapy
Keyhole Surgery
Antibiotic Resistance
W.H.O
Chronology
Plot the events on the mini timeline, giving their dates.
Plan your answer
Has War been the main factor leading to improvements in surgery? (16)
Endoscopes developed
Crick & Watson discover DNA
The first baby born by IVF treatment
Context – List three examples of alternative or complementary medicine: 1. 2. 3.
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