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Luquillo Biocomplexity Meeting January 2004
Hydrology overview Stream-Hydrology issues Pike/Scatena research plan
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Steep Environmental Gradients
Subtropical Dry (1200 mm/yr) to Wet (5000mm/yr) Windward vs leeward
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Hydrology Overview Steep Environmental Gradients
Maritime climate with high rainfall frequency minor seasonality 3 rain showers/day, High interception, Intense rainfalls; >500 mm/day, 125 mm/day threshold; Hurricanes, TS, northern fronts Dynamic disturbance regime Hurricanes, landslides, tree-falls Old on inside-young on outside
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Seasonality of Luquillo Climate
May Rains
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Forest Wide Temperature
Based on regression of Temp vs elevation, aspect
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Wet Season Dry Season
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Hydrology Overview Steep Environmental Gradients
Maritime climate with high rainfall frequency minor seasonality Dynamic disturbance regime Hurricanes, landslides, tree-falls “Old on inside-young on outside”
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Hillslope processes Deep Clayey soils; 6 + m of saprolite
Volcanoclastics vs Grandiorite Hillslope Catena’s Shallow flow paths; < 1 m through-flow vs overland flow soil compaction, trail erosion Landslides; yr turnover roads, elevation, bedrock Larsen, Zarin, Walker
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Bisley Hillslope profile
Soil and saprolite m thick Storage; at 1% water content = mm; 1 month throughfall
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Clay and saprolite subsoil with relatively low ksat = low recharge
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Storm hydrographs H20 Na, Mg Ca, CL
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Stream Channel Hydrology
Headwaters Steep gradient, boulders, structural control Supply limited “clean water” Coastal plain Alluvial and channelized Relatively stable planform morphology Aggradation/degradation cycle
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Annual 7 day Minimum Q90 Q50 Xiphocaris spp. Night Atya spp. Night
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Daily Discharge Series
No Extraction Extraction = Q95, No Minimum In-stream Flow Extraction = Q95, Minimum In-stream Flow = Q99
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General Hydrologic/land use issues
Municipal water withdrawal aquatic migrations Urbanization Reservoir sedimentation USGS, landslides Coastal Plain deforestation RAMS model
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Regional-scale changes
Synoptic Systems Tradewinds Energy & Moisture Land-Sea Tectonic Uplift Sea Level
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On-going research efforts
GIS based-statistical models Garcia; low flow prediction, Rivera; peak discharges, Santos; island wide water chemistry Simulation models Hall SUNY-ESF; Soil carbon, ET Interception and cloud forest hydrology Free University of Amsterdam Stream water chemistry, N cycling W. McDowell, UNH Instream flows and water withdrawals Pringle UGA
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Roads Facilities Water Intakes Roads & Maintenance Buildings
Communication Facilities Water Intakes Roads & Maintenance Buildings
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Stream/road issues Hydrologic issues
Freeze-thaw Groundwater discharge Flooding overbank, diversion flooding Erosion of unpaved roads Damage to bridges and culverts Landslides
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Stream/Road-Chemical issues
Applied chemicals (e.g. road salt..) minor herbicide use Road material asphalt, dirt Emissions Odum Co2 Chemical spills Swimming
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Social considerations
Social significance of Luquillo Streams Seasonality of recreation locals vs snowbirds don’t go to beach in months with “R” Short travel distances and short storms Shystostomisis and “dirty” streams Swimming skills
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Current Biocomplexity Efforts
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Channel morphology-aquatic habitat
GIS-Statistical based approach Develop null then evaluate road crossings Work Plan Aug 2003; channel cross-sections Fall 03; GIS layers Jan 2004; pebble counts Spring 04; develop manuscript I Summer 04; Espirtu Santo, bridges 2005; bridge habitat analysis, water falls…
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Slope Raster
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Channel slope vs Drainage area
Sonodora = 2.6 km2 Puente Roto = 17.8 km2 Mameyes at RT3 = 34.7 km2
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Drainage Area vs Channel Width
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Slope Mean grain size/Basin area
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